Table 2.
Incidence and Severity of Inflammation in the Cecum and Colon of Male Rats Administered Aloin in the Drinking Water for 13 Weeks
| Aloin Concentration (mg/kg) in Dosed Water Formulations |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
6.95 |
13.9 |
27.8 |
55.7 |
111 |
223 |
446 |
|
| Dose equivalency of Aloe vera whole leaf extract | 0 | 0.03% | 0.06% | 0.13% | 0.25% | 0.5% | 1.0% | 2.0% |
| Cecum | ||||||||
| Incidence | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) | 2/10 (20%) | 5/10 (50.0%) |
| P-valueb | <.001 | .500 | .237 | .016 | ||||
| Severityc | — | — | — | — | — | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 |
| P-valued | <.001 | .500 | .583 | .618 | .636 | .053 | .016 | <.001 |
| Proximal colon | ||||||||
| Incidence | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 1/10 (0%) | 8/10 (80%) | 9/10 (90%) |
| P-value | <.001 | .500 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Severity | — | — | — | — | — | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
| P-Value | <.001 | .500 | .583 | .618 | .636 | .053 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Ascending colon | ||||||||
| Incidence | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) | 9/10 (90%) | 10/10 (100%) | 10/10 (100%) |
| P-Value | <.001 | 0.500 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||
| Severity | — | — | — | — | 1.0 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
| P-Valueb | <.001 | .500 | .583 | .618 | .072 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Transverse colon | ||||||||
| Incidence | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 1/10 (0%) | 6/10 (60%) | 9/10 (90%) | 9/10 (90%) |
| P-Value | <.001 | .500 | .005 | <.001 | <.001 | |||
| Severity | — | — | — | — | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| P-Value | <.001 | .500 | .583 | .618 | .072 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Descending colon | ||||||||
| Incidence | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 5/10 (50%) | 7/10 (70%) | 10/10 (100%) |
| P-Value | <.001 | .016 | .002 | <.001 | ||||
| Severity | — | — | — | — | — | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| P-Value | <.001 | .500 | .583 | .618 | .636 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Rectum | ||||||||
| Incidence | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 4/10 (40%) | 5/10 (50%) | 8/10 (80%) |
| P-Value | <.001 | .043 | .016 | <.001 | ||||
| Severity | — | — | — | — | — | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.3 |
| P-Value | <.001 | .500 | .583 | .618 | .636 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
Incidence reported as the number of lesion bearing animals over the total number of animals examined by histopathology in the group.
P-Values are based on the Fisher exact test for comparisons of aloin treatments to vehicle controls; P-values under vehicle control column are the results of the Cochran–Armitage test for linear trends. P-values ≤ .05 are shown in bold face type.
Severity scores are mean severity of affected animals. Non-neoplastic lesions were graded for severity as 1 (minimal), 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), and 4 (marked).
P-Values are based on the Shirley-Williams test for comparisons of aloin treatments to vehicle controls; P-values under vehicle control column are the results of the Jonckheere–Terpstra test for linear trends. P-values ≤ .05 are shown in bold face type.