Figure 4.

Beta-blockers vs. placebo according to baseline LVEF in atrial fibrillation. Intention to treat, one-stage Cox proportional hazards model in categories of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline, adjusted for age, gender, previous myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and use of angiotensin inhibitors/receptor blockers, and diuretics. ‘n’ is the number of individual patients analysed from double-blind, randomized controlled trials for the primary outcomes with complete case data.