Table 3.
HRs (95% CI) for the association of life-course social trajectories with total and CVD mortality—the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N = 7846)
| Life-course social trajectories |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stable high | Upward | Downward | Stable low | ||||
| Total mortality (1301 deaths) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | %Δ | HR (95% CI) | %Δ | HR (95% CI) | %Δ (95% CI) |
| Model 1: Age, sex, & health conditions | 1.00 (ref) | 1.17 (0.97; 1.40) | 1.17 (0.97; 1.42) | 1.45 (1.20; 1.76) | |||
| Model 2: Model 1 + behavioural factors | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.93; 1.36) | – | 1.05 (0.87; 1.28) | – | 1.23 (1.01; 1.51) | –43 (–120; –17) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + psychosocial factors | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.95; 1.39) | – | 1.14 (0.94; 1.39) | – | 1.39 (1.14; 1.69) | –11 (–42; –4) |
| Model 4: Model 1 + physiological factors | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.95; 1.39) | – | 1.15 (0.95; 1.39) | – | 1.41 (1.15; 1.71) | –8 (–38; –1) |
| Model 5: Model 1 + inflammatory markers | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.91; 1.32) | – | 1.07 (0.87; 1.30) | – | 1.31 (1.08; 1.60) | –27 (–70; –11) |
| Model 6: Model 1 + all risk factors | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.88; 1.29) | – | 0.99 (0.81; 1.20) | – | 1.15 (0.94; 1.40) | –62 (–159; –26) |
| CVD mortality (438 deaths) | |||||||
| Model 1: Age, sex, & health conditions | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.92; 1.82) | 1.25 (0.88; 1.77) | 1.94 (1.37; 2.75) | |||
| Model 2: Model 1 + behavioural factors | 1.00 | 1.25 (0.88; 1.77) | – | 1.13 (0.79; 1.61) | – | 1.65 (1.16; 2.36) | –24 (–67; –3) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + psychosocial factors | 1.00 | 1.27 (0.90; 1.80) | – | 1.22 (0.86; 1.72) | – | 1.85 (1.30; 2.73) | –7 (–23; 1) |
| Model 4: Model 1 + physiological factors | 1.00 | 1.25 (0.88; 1.77) | – | 1.21 (0.85; 1.71) | – | 1.81 (1.27; 2.57) | –11 (–39; –2) |
| Model 5: Model 1 + inflammatory markers | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.85; 1.71) | – | 1.13 (0.80; 1.61) | – | 1.75 (1.23; 2.47) | –16 (–38; –6) |
| Model 6: Model 1 + all risk factors | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.82; 1.76) | – | 1.05 (0.73; 1.50) | – | 1.51 (1.05; 2.17) | –37 (–94; –7) |
CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; Δ, attenuation, representing the proportion of the SES–mortality association explained by the risk factor in question. % attenuation is calculated only for statistically significant associations.
Behavioural factors include current smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption and BMI; psychosocial factors include loneliness score, social network size, negative and positive support from spouse; physiological factors include systolic and DBP, cholesterol and triglycerides levels; inflammatory markers include CRP and fibrinogen.