Table 1.

Operationalization of forcing variable

	Grade 8 school year	Birth year	Birth year quarter	Value of forcing variable
Ineligible			Mar 1992–Jan 1992	–8
	2005/06	1992	Jun 1992–Apr 1992	–7
			Sept 1992–Jul 1992	–6
			Dec 1992–Oct 1992	–5
			Mar 1993–Jan 1993	–4
	2006/07	1993	Jun 1993–Apr 1993	–3
			Sept 1993–Jul 1993	–2
			Dec 1993–Oct 1993	–1
Eligible			Jan 1994–Mar 1994	0
	2007/08	1994	Apr 1994–Jun 1994	1
			Jul 1994–Sept 1994	2
			Oct 1994–Dec 1994	3
			Jan 1995–Mar 1995	4
	2008/09	1995	Apr 1995–Jun 1995	5
			Jul 1995–Sept 1995	6
			Oct 1995–Dec 1995	7