Table 3.
Select baseline maternal characteristics by cohort
| Characteristic | Low-risk singletons (n = 2334) n (%) | Obese (n = 468) n (%) | Twins (n = 171) n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White/non-Hispanic | 604 (26.0) | 136 (29.2) | 93 (54.4) |
| Black/non-Hispanic | 593 (25.5) | 169 (36.3) | 36 (21.1) |
| Hispanic | 451 (19.4) | 91 (19.5) | 16 (9.4) |
| Asian | 427 (18.4) | 5 (1.1) | 8 (4.7) |
| Multiracial | 247 (10.6) | 65 (13.9) | 18 (10.5) |
| Native-born USA | |||
| Yes | 1 538 (66.0) | 376 (80.5) | 143 (83.6) |
| No | 792 (34.0) | 91 (19.5) | 28 (16.4) |
| Age (years) | |||
| <20 | 134 (6.3) | 28 (6.5) | 4 (2.6) |
| 20–29 | 1029 (48.5) | 232 (54.0) | 46 (30.3) |
| 30–39 | 939 (44.2) | 163 (37.9) | 93 (61.2) |
| 40–44 | 21 (1.0) | 7 (1.6) | 9 (5.9) |
| Mean (±SD) | 28.20 (5.47) | 27.92 (5.60) | 31.61 (6.08) |
| Self-reported height (cm) | |||
| Quartile 1 (134.6–157.5) | 428 (18.4) | 84 (18.0) | 14 (8.2) |
| Quartile 2 (157.5–162.6) | 628 (26.9) | 100 (21.4) | 41 (24.0) |
| Quartile 3 (162.6–167.6) | 572 (24.5) | 152 (32.5) | 43 (25.1) |
| Quartile 4 (167.6–188.0) | 703 (30.2) | 131 (28.1) | 73 (42.7) |
| Mean (±SD) | 162.53 (7.10) | 162.96 (6.96) | 165.09 (6.83) |
| Self-reported pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | |||
| Quartile 1 (39.6–56.6) | 76 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (5.4) |
| Quartile 2 (56.7–63.6) | 1 467 (64.2) | 0 (0.0) | 64 (38.6) |
| Quartile 3 (63.7–70.9) | 707 (30.9) | 29 (6.2) | 38 (22.9) |
| Quartile 4 (71.0–122.6) | 36 (1.6) | 437 (93.8) | 55 (33.1) |
| Mean (±SD) | 23.63 (3.09) | 34.54 (4.01) | 27.60 (7.07) |
| BMI (kg/m2): | |||
| <19.0 | 76 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (5.4) |
| 19.0–24.9 | 1467 (64.2) | 0 (0.0) | 64 (38.6) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 707 (30.9) | 29 (6.2) | 38 (22.9) |
| ≥30.0 | 36 (1.6) | 437 (93.8) | 55 (33.1) |
| Mean (±SD) | 23.63 (3.09) | 34.54 (4.01) | 27.60 (7.07) |
| Parity (# births) | |||
| 0 | 1 149 (49.2) | 170 (36.3) | 96 (56.1) |
| 1 | 792 (33.9) | 151 (32.3) | 54 (31.6) |
| 2 | 279 (12.0) | 85 (18.2) | 13 (7.6) |
| 3 | 114 (4.9) | 62 (13.2) | 8 (4.7) |
| Mean (±SD) | 0.74 (0.92) | 1.13 (1.16) | 0.63 (0.89) |
| Using birth control when became pregnant | |||
| Yes | 245 (10.5) | 86 (18.4) | 14 (8.2) |
| No | 2 086 (89.5) | 381 (81.6) | 157 (91.8) |
| Marital status | |||
| Never married | 500 (21.5) | 132 (28.3) | 32 (18.7) |
| Married/living as married | 1 769 (75.9) | 313 (67.0) | 135 (78.9) |
| Divorced/separated | 62 (2.7) | 22 (4.7) | 4 (2.3) |
| Education | |||
| <High school | 253 (10.8) | 73 (15.6) | 12 (7.0) |
| High school/GED | 404 (17.3) | 109 (23.3) | 22 (12.9) |
| Some college/associates degree | 683 (29.3) | 167 (35.8) | 29 (17.0) |
| College undergraduate | 565 (24.2) | 80 (17.1) | 70 (40.9) |
| Postgraduate college | 428 (18.3) | 38 (8.1) | 38 (22.2) |
| Family income | |||
| ≤$29 999 | 562 (28.2) | 145 (34.3) | 35 (22.6) |
| $30 000–49 999 | 340 (17.1) | 112 (26.5) | 9 (5.8) |
| $50 000–$74 999 | 245 (12.3) | 66 (15.6) | 14 (9.0) |
| $75 000–$99 999 | 265 (13.3) | 40 (9.5) | 18 (11.6) |
| ≥$100 000 | 580 (29.1) | 60 (14.2) | 79 (51.0) |
| Health insurance | |||
| Private/managed care | 1 239 (57.6) | 220 (50.9) | 112 (70.0) |
| Medicaid; other | 864 (40.1) | 200 (46.3) | 45 (28.1) |
| Self-pay | 49 (2.3) | 12 (2.8) | 3 (1.9) |
| Currently paid jobs | |||
| 0 | 810 (34.7) | 171 (36.7) | 37 (21.6) |
| 1 | 1 421 (60.9) | 279 (59.9) | 126 (73.7) |
| ≥2 | 102 (4.4) | 16 (3.4) | 8 (4.7) |
SD, standard deviation; GED, General Educational Developmen.