Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients at baseline, according to treatment groupa
| Characteristic | Randomized group |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remote monitoring n = 824 | Usual care n = 826 | Total n = 1650 | ||
| Age (years) | 69.5 ± 10.31 | 69.5 ± 10.04 | 69.5 ± 10.17 | |
| Age (years)—Females | 66.5 ± 11.90 | 68.00 ± 11.47 | 67.2 ± 11.69 | |
| Age (years)—Males | 69.9 ± 9.95 | 69.8 ± 9.76 | 69.9 ± 9.85 | |
| Male sex | 707 (85.8%) | 708 (85.7%) | 1415 (85.8%) | |
| BMI | 28.9 (5.72) | 28.8 (5.48) | 28.9 (5.60) | |
| BMI—Females | 29.0 (6.55) | 28.1 (6.34) | 28.6 (6.45) | |
| BMI—Males | 28.9 (5.58) | 28.9 (5.32) | 28.9 (5.45) | |
| Recruiting Site | Blackpool | 98 (11.9%) | 102 (12.4%) | 200 (12.1%) |
| Brompton | 85 (10.3%) | 84 (10.2%) | 169 (10.2%) | |
| Guys | 64 (7.8%) | 65 (7.9%) | 129 (7.8%) | |
| Leeds | 102 (12.4%) | 99 (12.0%) | 201 (12.2%) | |
| Leicester | 102 (12.4%) | 100 (12.1%) | 202 (12.2%) | |
| Liverpool | 98 (11.9%) | 105 (12.7%) | 203 (12.3%) | |
| Manchester | 101 (12.3%) | 99 (12.0%) | 200 (12.1%) | |
| Newcastle | 95 (11.5%) | 93 (11.3%) | 188 (11.4%) | |
| Southampton | 79 (9.6%) | 79 (9.6%) | 158 (9.6%) | |
| NYHA Classification | II | 585 (71.0%) | 561 (67.9%) | 1146 (69.5%) |
| III | 238 (28.9%) | 263 (31.8%) | 501 (30.4%) | |
| IV | 1 (0.1%) | 2 (0.2%) | 3 (0.2%) | |
| Myocardial infarction | 497/818 (60.1%) | 478/818 (58.4%) | 975/1636 (59.6%) | |
| Coronary artery bypass surgery | 268/819 (32.7%) | 247/818 (30.2%) | 515/1637 (31.5%) | |
| Percutaneous coronary suregery | 209/819 (25.5%) | 190/818 (23.2%) | 399/1637 (24.4%) | |
| Valve replacement | 66/819 (8.1%) | 51/819 (6.2%) | 117/1638 (7.1%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | Type I | 5/819 (0.6%) | 9/819 (1.1%) | 14/1638 (0.9%) |
| Type II | 203/819 (24.8%) | 216/819 (26.4%) | 419/1638 (25.6%) | |
| Type II diabetics on medication | 155 (76.4%) | 171 (79.9%) | 369 (80.2%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.9 ± 17.61 | 119.1 ± 18.43 | 119.0 ± 18.02 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70.1 ± 11.02 | 70.1 ± 11.33 | 70.1 ± 11.17 | |
| Type of cardiac implantable device | ICD | 275 (33.4%) | 276 (33.4%) | 551 (33.4%) |
| CRT-D | 442 (53.6%) | 438 (53.0%) | 880 (53.3%) | |
| CRT-P | 107 (13.0%) | 112 (13.6%) | 219 (13.3%) | |
| Pulse (beats/minute) | 68.1 (10.22) | 68.6 (9.92) | 68.3 (10.07) | |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 339/819 (41.4%) | 338/816 (41.4%) | 677/1635 (41.4%) | |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 134.6 ± 15.57 | 133.1 ± 16.22 | 133.8 ± 15.91 | |
| Documented coronary artery disease | 563/819 (68.7%) | 548/818 (67.0%) | 1111/1637 (67.9%) | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 29.9 ± 10.24 | 30.0 ± 9.81 | 29.9 ± 10.02 | |
| Smoking history | Never smoked | 275 (33.6%) | 262 (32.0%) | 537 (32.8%) |
| Ex-smoker | 471 (57.5%) | 495 (60.4%) | 966 (59.0%) | |
| Current smoker | 73 (8.9%) | 62 (7.6%) | 135 (8.2%) | |
| Oral anticoagulant | 394 (47.8%) | 389 (47.1%) | 783 (47.5%) | |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 750 (91.0%) | 754 (91.3%) | 1504 (91.2%) | |
| Beta-blocker | 749 (90.9%) | 746 (90.3%) | 1495 (90.6%) | |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 430 (52.2%) | 435 (52.7%) | 865 (52.4%) | |
| Diuretic (excluding aldosterone antagonists) | 635 (77.1%) | 631 (76.4%) | 1266 (76.7%) | |
| Antiplatelet | 485 (58.9%) | 448 (54.2%) | 933 (56.5%) | |
| Cardiac glycoside | 153 (18.6%) | 180 (21.8%) | 333 (20.2%) | |
| Anti-arrhythmic | 205 (24.9%) | 203 (24.6%) | 408 (24.7%) | |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator function; CRT-P, cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker function; BMI, body mass index.
a
All comparisons between the two groups were non-significant (P > 0.05).