Table 3.
Associations between oral health variables and mortality excluding participants with self-reported comorbidities at baseline in the Golestan Cohort Study (N = 50023)
| Overall mortality | Cardiovascular disease death | Cancer death | Injury death | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths = 1737 | Deaths = 735 | Deaths = 521 | Deaths = 141 | ||||||
| aHR | (95% CI) | aHR | (95% CI) | aHR | (95% CI) | aHR | (95% CI) | ||
| Measured tooth loss | |||||||||
| Q1 (Fewer teeth missing than expected) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Q2 | 1.01 | (0.85, 1.20) | 1.08 | (0.83, 1.41) | 1.03 | (0.76, 1.42) | 0.81 | (0.45, 1.46) | |
| Q3 | 1.28 | (1.09, 1.50) | 1.24 | (0.97, 1.60) | 1.37 | (1.03, 1.82) | 1.20 | (0.70, 2.06) | |
| Q4 | 1.27 | (1.09, 1.48) | 1.27 | (1.00, 1.60) | 1.11 | (0.84, 1.46) | 1.22 | (0.70, 2.16) | |
| Q5 (More teeth missing than expected) | 1.44 | (1.22, 1.70) | 1.39 | (1.08, 1.80) | 1.29 | (0.96, 1.75) | 1.52 | (0.90, 2.59) | |
| P trend | < 0.0001 | 0.0046 | 0.1175 | 0.0375 | |||||
| DMFT | |||||||||
| Q1 (Lower DMFT than expected) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Q2 | 1.21 | (1.02, 1.44) | 1.16 | (0.89, 1.51) | 1.22 | (0.90, 1.66) | 1.22 | (0.70, 2.13) | |
| Q3 | 1.23 | (1.04, 1.46) | 1.16 | (0.90, 1.50) | 1.07 | (0.79, 1.45) | 1.35 | (0.73, 2.51) | |
| Q4 | 1.28 | (1.08, 1.52) | 1.18 | (0.91, 1.52) | 1.21 | (0.90, 1.63) | 1.27 | (0.70, 2.30) | |
| Q5 (Higher DMFT than expected) | 1.48 | (1.23, 1.78) | 1.34 | (1.00, 1.79) | 1.35 | (0.96, 1.91) | 1.70 | (1.00, 2.92) | |
| P trend | < 0.0001 | 0.0738 | 0.1606 | 0.0625 | |||||
| Uses dentures | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.93 | (0.83, 1.04) | 0.95 | (0.80, 1.14) | 0.92 | (0.75, 1.13) | 1.33 | (0.90, 1.95) | |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Frequency of tooth brushing | |||||||||
| Never | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Once a day | 0.77 | (0.66, 0.91) | 0.67 | (0.52, 0.86) | 0.86 | (0.64, 1.14) | 1.01 | (0.63, 1.61) | |
| Two or more times a day | 1.01 | (0.78, 1.30) | 1.14 | (0.79, 1.65) | 1.12 | (0.70, 1.78) | 0.72 | (0.29, 1.84) | |
| Other | 0.84 | (0.72, 0.99) | 0.74 | (0.58, 0.95) | 1.04 | (0.80, 1.36) | 0.85 | (0.52, 1.40) | |
Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) adjusted for age, gender, wealth index, education, residence, ethnicity, smoking history (cigarettes and non-cigarette tobacco) and opium use.
Self-reported pre-existing conditions included cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis or cancer.