Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in elderly patients with severe symptomatic AS with and without ATTR-CA
| All | No ATTR-CA | ATTR-CA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 151) | (n = 127) | (n = 24) | P-value | |
| Socio-demographic variables | ||||
| Age, years | 83.7 ± 6.2 | 83.3 ± 6.3 | 86.3 ± 5.7 | 0.038 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 141 (93.4%) | 118 (92.9%) | 23 (95.8%) | |
| Black | 6 (4.0%) | 5 (3.9%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.678 |
| Asian | 4 (2.7%) | 4 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Male sex | 102 (67.6%) | 80 (63.0%) | 22 (91.7%) | 0.005 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 ± 5.0 | 27.0 ± 5.3 | 25.5 ± 2.7 | 0.225 |
| Modified BMI, kg·g/m2·dL | 106.1 ± 24.6 | 107.6 ± 25.2 | 98.1 ± 19.9 | 0.084 |
| New York Heart Association (N, %) | ||||
| I | 8 (5.3%) | 8 (6.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| II | 30 (19.9%) | 24 (18.9%) | 6 (25%) | 0.195 |
| III | 99 (65.6%) | 81 (63.8%) | 18 (75%) | |
| IV | 14 (9.3%) | 14 (11.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Severe symptomatic AS stage | ||||
| D1: High gradient AS | 117 (79.1%) | 102 (82.2%) | 15 (62.5%) | |
| D2: Low-flow, low-gradient AS with reduced LVEF | 20 (13.5%) | 13 (10.5%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.045 |
| D3: Low-flow, low-gradient AS with normal LVEF | 11 (7.4%) | 9 (7.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| Clinical and ECG parameters | ||||
| Hypertension | 129 (85.4%) | 107 (84.3%) | 22 (91.7%) | 0.530 |
| Coronary artery disease | 96 (63.6%) | 78 (61.4%) | 18 (75%) | 0.252 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 19 (12.6%) | 17 (13.4%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0.739 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 64 (42.4%) | 54 (42.5%) | 10 (41.7%) | 0.938 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 11 (7.3%) | 7 (5.5%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.075 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 140.9 ± 25.4 | 143.6 ± 25.1 | 125.3 ± 21.5 | 0.009 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 64.5 ± 13.9 | 65.1 ± 14.3 | 61.1 ± 10.6 | 0.310 |
| Low voltage | 7 (4.9%) | 4 (3.33%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.091 |
| Voltage-to-mass ratio | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.028 |
| QRS duration, ms | 113.4 ± 31.0 | 110.7 ± 30.7 | 127.4 ± 29.8 | 0.017 |
| Right bundle branch block | 28 (19.4%) | 19 (15.8%) | 9 (37.5%) | 0.023 |
| Need for permanent pacemaker post-TAVR | 22 (14.9%) | 18 (14.4%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.751 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 0.07 (0.02–0.22) | 0.06 (0.02–0.14) | 0.11 (0.05–0.40) | 0.430 |
| Troponin T, ng/dL | 0.07 (0.05–0.11) | 0.06 (0.05–0.08) | 0.18 (0.06–0.33) | 0.181 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 304.5 (146–847) | 275 (124–722) | 522 (302–1023) | 0.041 |
| NT pro-BNP, ng/dL | 2003 (714–3226) | 1896 (514–2932) | 3220 (1092–19 007) | 0.148 |
| Estimated GFR, mL/min | 67.7 ± 29.2 | 69.6 ± 29.8 | 57.6 ± 23.8 | 0.066 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 4.0 (3.6–4.3) | 3.9 (3.6–4.1) | 0.134 |
| Presence of Clone | 19 (32.2%) | 14 (30.4%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.738 |
| 99mTc-PYP cardiac imaging | ||||
| Visual score ≥2 | 24 (15.9%) | 0 (0%) | 24 (100%) | <0.0001 |
| Heart-to-contralateral ratio | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, median (inter-quartile range), or n (%).
ATTR-CA, transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; 99mTc-PYP, technetium pyrophosphate; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ECG, electrocardiogram; BMI, body mass index; AS, aortic stenosis; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SD, standard deviation.