Table 1.
Cox-proportional hazard model of the association between physical activity, grip strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness and all-cause mortality
| n | n deaths | HR per 1 SD decrease | P | HR per 5 MET-h/week decrease | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Model 0 | 498 135 | 8588 | 1.15 (1.12;1.18) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (1.03;1.05) | <0.0001 |
| Model 1 | 479 495 | 8207 | 1.13 (1.10;1.15) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (1.03;1.04) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 462 422 | 7809 | 1.09 (1.06;1.12) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (1.02;1.03) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 461 919 | 7784 | 1.07 (1.05;1.10) | <0.0001 | 1.02 (1.01;1.03) | <0.0001 |
| Model 4 | 384 794 | 4208 | 1.05 (1.02;1.09) | <0.0001 | 1.01 (1.00;1.02) | <0.0001 |
| HR per 1 SD decrease | HR per 5 kg decrease | |||||
| Grip strength | ||||||
| Model 0 | 495 786 | 8491 | 1.35 (1.32;1.38) | <0.0001 | 1.21 (1.20;1.23) | <0.0001 |
| Model 1 | 478 968 | 8181 | 1.29 (1.26;1.31) | <0.0001 | 1.18 (1.16;1.20) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 461 919 | 7784 | 1.19 (1.16;1.22) | <0.0001 | 1.12 (1.11;1.14) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 461 919 | 7784 | 1.19 (1.16;1.21) | <0.0001 | 1.12 (1.10;1.14) | <0.0001 |
| Model 4 | 384 794 | 4208 | 1.18 (1.14;1.21) | <0.0001 | 1.12 (1.09;1.14) | <0.0001 |
| HR per 1 SD decrease | HR per 1-MET decrease | |||||
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||||
| Model 0 | 67 702 | 597 | 1.29 (1.18;1.41) | <0.0001 | 1.11 (1.07;1.15) | <0.0001 |
| Model 1 | 64 637 | 577 | 1.29 (1.17;1.42) | <0.0001 | 1.11 (1.07;1.15) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 62 507 | 549 | 1.23 (1.11;1.35) | <0.0001 | 1.09 (1.04;1.13) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 61 859 | 543 | 1.19 (1.08;1.32) | <0.0001 | 1.07 (1.03;1.12) | <0.0001 |
| Model 4 | 52 266 | 319 | 1.22 (1.07;1.39) | <0.0001 | 1.08 (1.03;1.14) | <0.0001 |
Data presented as hazard ratio (95%CI). A 1 SD change in fitness, grip strength, and total physical activity is equivalent to 2.3 METs, 6.2 and 2845 MET-h/week for women, and 2.7 METs, 8.9 kg, and 3379 MET-h/week for men, respectively.
Model 0 was adjusted for age and sex.
Model 1 was adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, smoking status, deprivation index, BMI, and alcohol intake.
Model 2 was adjusted for Model 0 plus depression, stroke, angina, heart attack, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, or long-standing illness.
Model 3 for grip strength was adjusted for Model 1 plus total sedentary time and total physical activity.
Model 3 for fitness was adjusted for Model 1 plus total sedentary time, total physical activity, and grip strength.
Model 3 for total physical activity was adjusted for Model 1 plus total sedentary time, and grip strength.
Model 4 was adjusted as Model 2 but individuals with cancer, stroke, angina, and heart attack were excluded.
SD, standard deviation; HR, hazard ratio; MET, basal metabolic equivalent.