Table 2.
Characteristics of last sexual partner and last sexual event among male Mexican migrants by migration context and phase (N=1,219), Tijuana, Mexico, 2009–20101
| Sending Communities | Border | Receiving Communities | P2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Pre-departure (n=183) | Return (n=161) | Transit (n=179) | Destination (n=414) | Interception (n=282) | ||
| Last sexual partner’s characteristics | ||||||
| Gender and relationship, % | 0.047 | |||||
| • Female stable partner | 81.9 | 68.9 | 71.3 | 71.3 | 74.4 | (Ref) |
| • Female casual partner | 15.2 | 23.9 | 18.4 | 23.7 | 19.3 | |
| • Female sex worker | 1.9 | 2.6 | 9.9 * | 4.0 | 5.8 * | |
| • Male partner (stable, casual, or sex worker) | 1.1 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 | |
| Age, % | 0.130 | |||||
| • 25 or under | 41.9 | 43.2 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 37.0 | (Ref) |
| • 26–35 | 35.9 | 30.4 | 38.7 | 39.3 | 39.9 | |
| • 36–45 | 17.3 | 11.8 | 20.3 | 24.3 | 18.6 | |
| • 46 or older | 4.9 | 14.5 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 4.5 | |
| Indigenous ethnicity, % | 2.3 | 6.4 | 0.1 ** | 2.9 | 1.8 | 0.001 |
| Country of origin, % | <0.001 | |||||
| • Mexico | 97.9 | 89.0 | 98.4 | 65.8 | 64.4 | (Ref) |
| • U.S. | 1.5 | 10.4 | 1.4 | 27.1 ** | 28.6 ** | |
| • Other countries | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 7.1 ** | 7.0 ** | |
| Injection drug user, % | 4.0 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 0.415 |
| Partner’s HIV status, % | 0.764 | |||||
| • Sure/believe negative | 72.5 | 76.5 | 71.4 | 68.1 | 74.3 | (Ref) |
| • Don’t know | 27.6 | 23.5 | 28.1 | 31.8 | 25.7 | |
| • Sure/believe positive | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | |
| Relationship history | ||||||
| Met the partner in, % | <0.001 | |||||
| • Mexico | 99.9 | 84.4 Ref | 92.5 | 34.5 | 36.5 | (Ref) |
| • U.S. | 0.0 | 15.6 | 7.5 | 64.2 ** | 63.4 ** | |
| • Other countries | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | |
| Where partner was met, % | <0.001 | |||||
| • At work/school | 51.7 | 23.1 | 31.5 | 38.0 | 42.8 | (Ref) |
| • At a family/community/religious event/private house party | 24.5 | 39.3 ** | 31.6 | 33.8 | 22.7 | |
| • At a bar or nightclub/a public area/other | 23.9 | 37.6 ** | 36.8 * | 28.2 | 34.6 | |
| Through whom met partner, % | 0.927 | |||||
| • Family/friends/co-workers/other | 46.9 | 52.8 | 55.1 | 47.1 | 55.3 | |
| • Nobody | 53.2 | 47.2 | 44.9 | 52.9 | 44.7 | |
| Time before first sexual encounter (months), Median (IQR) | 12.2 (3.0–24.3) | 8.0 (2.0–36.5) | 6.0 * (2.0–12.2) | 6.0 * (2.0–12.2) | 6.0 (2.0–24.3) | 0.025 |
| Sex history with this partner (not mutually exclusive), % | ||||||
| • Ever vaginal sex | 97.8 | 95.4 | 97.8 | 96.7 | 98.8 | 0.434 |
| • Ever anal sex | 14.6 | 20.6 | 13.3 | 23.3 | 24.7 | 0.271 |
| • Ever oral sex | 45.0 | 26.7 | 47.3 | 56.7 | 46.1 | 0.389 |
| Partner had other concurrent sexual partners, % | 8.2 | 10.0 | 14.5 | 10.3 | 16.3 | 0.365 |
| Risk during last sexual event | ||||||
| Sexual practice, % | <0.001 | |||||
| • Only vaginal sex | 69.2 | 77.5 | 68.6 | 54.9 | 59.1 | (Ref) |
| • Only anal sex | 1.5 | 4.6 | 0.0 ** | 0.0 ** | 0.4 | |
| • Only oral sex | 1.5 | 0.0 ** | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.9 | |
| • Vaginal and anal, without oral sex | 1.3 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.4 | |
| • Vaginal and/or anal, with oral sex | 26.5 | 15.9 | 29.8 | 42.6 * | 35.4 | |
| Use condom consistently for vaginal and/or anal sex | ||||||
| Overall, % | 39.3 | 22.0 * | 42.3 | 29.6 | 29.7 | 0.096 |
| With female stable partner, % | 36.7 | 15.8 * | 35.0 | 17.9 * | 22.7 * | 0.034 |
| With female casual partner, % | 52.3 | 39.3 | 48.3 | 54.1 | 47.5 | 0.917 |
| With female sex worker, % | 81.9 | 8.3 * | 87.4 | 97.9 | 59.0 | 0.005 |
| With male partner, % | 0.0 | 31.9 Ref | 0.0 | 39.8 | 41.4 | 0.962 |
| Context of last sexual event | ||||||
| Location of sexual encounter, % | 0.410 | |||||
| • Home | 78.9 | 80.9 | 80.0 | 78.0 | 84.8 | (Ref) |
| • Hotel/motel | 12.9 | 13.9 | 18.0 | 18.4 | 10.4 | |
| • Car | 4.3 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 1.6 | |
| • Other places (e.g. jail, public place) | 4.0 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 3.2 | |
| Consumed alcohol before/during the event, % | 15.3 | 32.3 ** | 23.1 | 32.3 ** | 33.4 ** | 0.014 |
| Used illicit drugs before/during the event, % | 0.2 | 9.0 ** | 10.2 ** | 6.2 ** | 9.3 ** | 0.007 |
Data represent behavior, partners, and context of last sexual event in the key migration context. This refers to the most recent migration context for which migrants were asked to report on their sexual partners, behaviors, and contexts. For pre-departure and return migrants, the context was the sending communities in Mexico; for transit migrants, the context was the border region; for destination and interception migrants, the context was the U.S.
P value for overall effect of migration phase, based on logistic (for binary outcomes), multinomial logistic (for categorical outcomes), and multiple linear (for continuous outcomes) regression models. All models were unadjusted. The referent migration phase was pre-departure unless otherwise indicated.
Ref: Reference group.
p<0.05
p<0.01 for comparison to the reference migration phase.