Cell viability and proliferation. A,B) Quantified viability of cells (A) cultured in 24- well plates over a 20-min incubation using media containing 1.0% CaCl2 and (B) in bioprinted constructs (Day 1). C-F) Quantified proliferation of cells over a 9-day culture period, for (C) MDA-MB-231, (D) MCF7, (E) NIH/3T3, and (F) HUVECs.