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. 2018 Mar 1;9:322. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00322

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Copyright © 2018 Burbano, Villar-Vesga, Orejuela, Muñoz, Vanegas, Vásquez, Rojas and Castaño.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Monocyte subsets showing the binding and uptake of MPs-IgG +, and PMPs-IgG + inducing monocyte activation. (A) Representative image showing the binding and uptake of microparticles (MPs) and MPs-ICs (3:1 vesicle:cell ratio) by monocyte subsets in healthy individuals (left panel) and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (right panel). (B) Binding and uptake (upper panel) and uptake (lower panel) of MPs and MPs-ICs (3:1 vesicle:cell ratio) by classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes from HCs and SLE patients. Comparisons between the groups were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001. (C) CD64 and CD69 expression in CD14^High monocytes (upper panel) and cytokine levels in supernatants of monocytes stimulated with PMPs and PMPs-ICs (lower panel). Comparisons among the groups were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001.

Monocyte subsets showing the binding and uptake of MPs-IgG +, and PMPs-IgG + inducing monocyte activation. (A) Representative image showing the binding and uptake of microparticles (MPs) and MPs-ICs (3:1 vesicle:cell ratio) by monocyte subsets in healthy individuals (left panel) and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (right panel). (B) Binding and uptake (upper panel) and uptake (lower panel) of MPs and MPs-ICs (3:1 vesicle:cell ratio) by classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes from HCs and SLE patients. Comparisons between the groups were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001. (C) CD64 and CD69 expression in CD14^High monocytes (upper panel) and cytokine levels in supernatants of monocytes stimulated with PMPs and PMPs-ICs (lower panel). Comparisons among the groups were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001.