Table 2.
Genotype and allele frequencies of knockdown resistance (kdr) at the seven study sites in western Kenya.
| Study site |
Anopheles gambiae |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | LL | LS | SS | Frequency | χ2 | P-value | |
| Ahero | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | – |
| Kisian | 50 | 32 | 3 | 15 | 30.0 | 37.35 | <0.0001 |
| Chulaimbo | 56 | 2 | 4 | 50 | 89.3 | 11.93 | <0.0001 |
| Emutete | 87 | 7 | 4 | 76 | 87.3 | 49.22 | <0.0001 |
| Emakakha | 57 | 1 | 7 | 49 | 85.9 | 1.38 | 0.24 |
| Iguhu | 108 | 10 | 7 | 91 | 84.3 | 53.48 | <0.0001 |
| Kabula | 53 | 5 | 5 | 43 | 81.1 | 19.83 | <0.0001 |
|
Anopheles Arabiensis |
|||||||
| N | LL | LS | SS | Frequency | χ2 | P-value | |
| Ahero | 50 | 46 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.77 |
| Kisian | 42 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.94 |
| Chulaimbo | 23 | 14 | 0 | 9 | 39.1 | 23.00 | <0.0001 |
| Emutete | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Emakakha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | – | – |
| Iguhu | 16 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 3.1 | 0.02 | 0.90 |
| Kabula | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 33.3 | – | – |
N is sample size, LL represents wild type, LS represents heterozygote mutation, SS represents homozygote mutation,” and frequency is the mutation allele frequency (%). Symbol “–” stands for not done. χ2 and P-value are the results of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test.