Table 1.

Results of pairwise tests exploring if clones adapted to fluctuating or constant temperature have higher yield or growth in different environments

Environment	Species	Yield	SE	p	Growth rate	SE	p
Fluctuating	N. capsulatum	0.083	.042	.053	0.053	.026	.048
Fluctuating	P. chlororaphis	0.024	.042	.569	−0.018	.026	.49
Fluctuating	P. fluorescens	0.489	.043	.001	0.017	.027	.525
Fluctuating	P. putida	0.114	.043	.009	0.082	.027	.003
Fluctuating	S. marcescens marc.	−0.011	.03	.699	0.034	.043	.426
Fluctuating	S. marcescens db11	0.016	.03	.587	0.061	.043	.161
Fluctuating	E. coli	0.052	.03	.085	0.075	.043	.088
Fluctuating	E. aerogenes	−0.018	.03	.559	−0.066	.043	.133
Fluctuating	L. adecarboxylata	0.049	.03	.103	−0.043	.043	.32
20°C	N. capsulatum	0.002	.043	.967	0.006	.021	.768
20°C	P. chlororaphis	−0.1	.042	.02	0.012	.021	.57
20°C	P. fluorescens	−0.013	.045	.769	−0.01	.022	.669
20°C	P. putida	−0.001	.043	.973	−0.129	.021	.001
20°C	S. marcescens marc.	−0.006	.054	.918	0.014	.02	.481
20°C	S. marcescens db11	0.081	.054	.139	−0.007	.02	.732
20°C	E. coli	0.067	.055	.225	0.004	.02	.831
20°C	E. aerogenes	−0.059	.056	.291	0	.021	.993
20°C	L. adecarboxylata	0.02	.054	.714	0.007	.02	.727
30°C	N. capsulatum	0.006	.056	.92	0.01	.034	.772
30°C	P. chlororaphis	−0.057	.055	.303	−0.034	.033	.311
30°C	P. fluorescens	0.024	.056	.669	−0.073	.034	.036
30°C	P. putida	0.065	.055	.241	−0.148	.033	.001
30°C	S. marcescens marc.	0.067	.048	.17	−0.003	.026	.914
30°C	S. marcescens db11	0.031	.049	.534	−0.004	.026	.884
30°C	E. coli	0.007	.049	.895	−0.035	.027	.185
30°C	E. aerogenes	−0.027	.049	.579	−0.063	.026	.019
30°C	L. adecarboxylata	0.015	.048	.755	−0.054	.026	.041
40°C	N. capsulatum	0.07	.029	.022	0.023	.015	.131
40°C	P. chlororaphis	−0.006	.042	.887	−0.022	.02	.272
40°C	P. fluorescens	0.021	.072	.775	0.031	.031	.328
40°C	S. marcescens marc.	0.009	.049	.859	0.032	.037	.385
40°C	S. marcescens db11	0.014	.047	.763	0.021	.035	.559
40°C	E. coli	0.08	.048	.096	−0.001	.035	.984
40°C	E. aerogenes	−0.048	.048	.321	0.008	.036	.818
40°C	L. adecarboxylata	0.027	.055	.622	0.005	.041	.911

Positive estimate for difference indicates that the fluctuation‐adapted clones have a higher yield or growth rate than constant (30°C)‐adapted clones. Values indicate estimated marginal means from mixed models testing for the fixed effect of evolution, and random effect of population, nested within evolutionary treatment. All models also included inoculum size as a continuous covariate to control for different starting densities in growth measurements (not shown). These results were compiled in the meta‐analysis.