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. 2018 Mar 5;8:4031. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22280-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic cross section of the electrospray device (a), consisting of the fluid delivery capillary (1) acting as primary electrode connected to high voltage, counter electrode (2) delivered media (3) single housing (4) target tissue (5) connected via the counter electrode (2) to ground. Functional prototype of the electrospray device (b) based on rapid prototyped rigid housing with an outer diameter of 10 mm. An electrical (not shown) and fluid interconnect are located on the handle. A close up (c) displays the working chamber (disassembled) with the integrated distal electrode and drug delivery capillary with the device. The outlet of the capillary is located in the centre of the working chamber when assembled.