Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of end-stage kidney disease patients who have experienced different causes of peritoneal dialysis technique failure (n = 4663).
| Infection (n = 2415) | Inadequate Dialysis (n = 883) | Mechanical (n = 836) | Social (n = 529) | Total (n = 4663) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Male (n, %) | 1219 (51) | 574 (65) | 436 (52) | 313 (59) | 2542 (55) | <0.001 |
| Age starting PD (year, mean ± SD) | 59.0 ± 13.6 | 54.9 ± 14.6 | 59.3 ± 13.2 | 59.2 ± 16.1 | 58.3 ± 14.1 | <0.001 |
| Age of PD failure (year, mean ± SD) | 60.8 ± 13.7 | 56.9 ± 14.7 | 60.5 ± 13.2 | 60.8 ± 16.3 | 60.0 ± 14.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 26.8 ± 5.4 | 27.5 ± 5.4 | 27.0 ± 5.3 | 26.9 ± 5.2 | 27.0 ± 5.4 | 0.005 |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | 0.003 | |||||
| Caucasian | 1629 (68) | 639 (72) | 608 (73) | 481 (72) | 3257 (70) | |
| Indigenous^ | 400 (17) | 106 (12) | 103 (12) | 79 (15) | 688 (15) | |
| Others | 386 (16) | 138 (16) | 125 (15) | 69 (13) | 718 (15) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Lung disease (n, %) | 223 (9) | 65 (7) | 96 (12) | 59 (11) | 443 (10) | 0.015 |
| Coronary artery disease (n, %) | 680 (28) | 198 (22) | 232 (28) | 131 (25) | 1241 (27) | 0.006 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (n, %) | 373 (15) | 134 (15) | 124 (15) | 99 (19) | 730 (16) | 0.22 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (n, %) | 255 (11) | 62 (7) | 96 (12) | 64 (12) | 477 (10) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 986 (41) | 356 (40) | 288 (34) | 224 (42) | 1854 (40) | 0.006 |
| Smoker (n, %) | 0.13 | |||||
| Non-smoker | 1109 (46) | 444 (50) | 384 (46) | 230 (44) | 2167 (47) | |
| Current smoker | 338 (14) | 125 (14) | 113 (14) | 87 (17) | 663 (14) | |
| Ex-smoker | 959 (40) | 312 (35) | 337 (40) | 210 (40) | 1818 (39) | |
| Cause of ESKD (n,%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Glomerulonephritis | 560 (23) | 248 (28) | 204 (24) | 113 (21) | 1125 (24) | |
| Diabetes | 821 (34) | 288 (33) | 213 (26) | 175 (33) | 1497 (32) | |
| Cystic | 152 (6) | 62 (7) | 104 (12) | 37 (7) | 355 (8) | |
| Vascular | 280 (12) | 91 (10) | 115 (14) | 67 (13) | 553 (12) | |
| Analgesic nephropathy | 124 (5) | 34 (4) | 29 (4) | 22 (4) | 209 (5) | |
| Others | 478 (20) | 160 (18) | 171 (21) | 115 (22) | 924 (20) | |
| Peritoneal dialysis characteristics | ||||||
| Duration of PD (years, median ± IQR) | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 2.0 ± 2.2 | 1.2 ± 1.7 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 1.7 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Initial peritoneal dialysis (n, %) | <0.001 | |||||
| CAPD | 2024 (84) | 703 (80) | 682 (82) | 397 (75) | 3806 (82) | |
| APD | 391 (16) | 180 (20) | 154 (18) | 132 (25) | 857 (18) | |
| Era | <0.001 | |||||
| 1989–1998 | 472 (20) | 107 (12) | 113 (14) | 78 (15) | 770 (17) | |
| 1999–2006 | 947 (39) | 343 (39) | 288 (34) | 193 (37) | 1771 (38) | |
| 2007–2014 | 996 (41) | 433 (49) | 435 (52) | 258 (49) | 2122 (46) | |
| Proportion receiving kidney transplantation | 427 (18) | 224 (25) | 185 (22) | 82 (16) | 918 (20) | <0.001 |
Data expressed as mean ± SD or as number (proportion). BMI – body mass index, PD – peritoneal dialysis, CAPD – continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, APD – automated peritoneal dialysis, ESKD – end-stage kidney disease.
^Defined as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, Maori and Pacific Islander.