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. 2018 Mar 5;8:3983. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21889-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histological localization of CXCR4 to ACTA2⁺ cells and EpCAM⁺ cells in IPF. Representative images of three IPF tissue sections are stained for the presence of CXCR4 (C,G,K,O,S,W). Fibrotic foci stain positive for ACTA2 throughout but only show co-localization (denoted in yellow) with CXCR4 near the peripheral edges (L). Areas of dense fibrosis stain show co-localization of CXCR4 and ACTA2 (D,H) and the minimal presence of non-CXCR4 co-localized EpCAM (N,V,R).