Table I.
Characteristics of the eligible studies.
| Authors | Year | Origin | Study design | Patient no. (M/F) | Age (range or mean, years) | Tumor stage | Analysis method | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goh and Lerner | 2008 | USA | Retro | 32 (25/7) | 59 (49,84) | Ta, T1, T2 | OCT | (12) |
| Gladkova et al | 2013 | Russia | NR | 26 (18/8) | 64.7 (3479) | CIS, Ta, T1, T2 | Cross-polarization OCT | (22) |
| Wang et al | 2006 | USA | Retro | >20 | NR | T1, T2a | OCT | (23) |
| Schmidbauer et al | 2009 | Austria | Prosp | 66 (49/17) | 67 (38–84) | CIS, Ta, T1, T2 | OCT | (20) |
| Ren et al | 2009 | USA | NR | 56 (46/10) | 70 (25–75) | pTis and pTa-pT1 | Cystoscopic OCT | (19) |
| Manyak et al | 2005 | USA | NR | 24 | NR | Papillary and flat lesions | OCT | (4) |
| Lingley-Papadopoulos et al | 2009 | USA | NR | 21 | NR | CIS, papillary lesion, or invasive tumor | OCT | (24) |
| Karl et al | 2010 | Germany | NR | 52 | 21–91 | CIS, Ta, T1, T2 | OCT | (18) |
| Hermes et al | 2008 | Germany | Retro | 105 | NR | CIS, invasive carcinoma | Ultrahigh resolution OCT | (17) |
Ta, Tis and T1 are classed as superficial bladder cancers. Prosp, prospective; Retro, retrospective; M, male; F, female; NR, not reported; CIS, carcinoma in situ; Ta, Tis, tumors confined to the mucosa; T1, submucosa; T2, muscle-invasive bladder cancer; OCT, optical coherence tomography.