Figure 4.

Effect of VPA on NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-treated cultures of BV-2 microglia. BV-2 cells were activated using LPS, and simultaneously treated with iron in the presence or absence of VPA as indicated. After 4 h of treatment, nuclear NF-κB in the cells was measured by (A) immunofluorescence microscopy (magnification, ×400; scale bars, 10 µm) and (B) ELISA. **P<0.01 vs. control; ^##P<0.01 vs. LPS + iron. VPA, valproic acid; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; FCA, ferric citrate ammonium.