Table 1. Characteristics of Patients Included in the ITT Analysis and Cardiac Arrest Management.
| Characteristic | BMV Group (n = 1018) |
ETI Group (n = 1022) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 65.7 (15.5) | 63.8 (15.6) |
| Female, No. (%) | 332 (32.6) | 332 (32.5) |
| Estimated BMI, median (25th-75th percentile) | 26.0 (22.9-29.4) | 26.1 (23.4-29.4) |
| Coexisting conditions, No. (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 337 (33.1) | 358 (35.0) |
| Coronary artery disease | 194 (19.1) | 189 (18.5) |
| Diabetes | 185 (18.2) | 199 (19.5) |
| Tobacco use | 176 (17.3) | 195 (19.1) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 126 (12.4) | 113 (11.1) |
| Chronic heart failure | 107 (10.5) | 111 (10.9) |
| Chronic alcohol abuse | 90 (8.8) | 82 (8.0) |
| Neurologic disorder | 78 (7.7) | 79 (7.7) |
| Cancer | 72 (7.1) | 80 (7.8) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 53 (5.2) | 81 (7.9) |
| Dementia | 33 (3.2) | 22 (2.2) |
| Liver disease | 25 (2.5) | 17 (1.7) |
| Chronic renal failure with dialysis | 25 (2.5) | 23 (2.3) |
| HIV | 7 (0.7) | 5 (0.5) |
| Activity limitation, No. (%)a | n = 934 | n = 936 |
| Good health | 492 (52.7) | 528 (56.4) |
| Moderate limitation of activity | 255 (27.3) | 254 (27.1) |
| Chronic disease | 115 (12.3) | 91 (9.7) |
| Severe restriction of activity | 72 (7.7) | 63 (6.7) |
| Arrest occurred at home, No. (%) | 776 (76.2) | 811 (79.4) |
| Etiology of cardiac arrest, No. (%) | n = 1014 | n = 1015 |
| Cardiac | 692 (68.2) | 668 (65.8) |
| Noncardiac medical | 271 (26.7) | 277 (27.3) |
| Traumatic | 51 (5.0) | 70 (6.9) |
| Bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest, No. (%) | 719 (70.6) | 708 (69.3) |
| Bystander-initiated CPR, No. (%) | 487 (47.8) | 512 (50.1) |
| Bystander-initiated ventilation | 62 (6.1) | 66 (6.5) |
| EMS-witnessed cardiac arrest, No. (%) | 164 (16.1) | 170 (16.6) |
| No-flow duration, median (IQR), minb | 5 (1-11) | 5 (1-12) |
| Time from collapse to initiation of advanced life support, median (IQR), min | 20 (14-28) | 20 (13-29) |
| Shockable first rhythm, No. (%) | 169 (16.6) | 157 (15.4) |
| Use of mechanical chest compression device, No. (%) | 213 (20.9) | 227 (22.2) |
| Initial cardiac rhythm, No. (%) | n = 1016 | n = 1020 |
| Asystole | 729 (71.8) | 743 (72.8) |
| Pulseless electrical activity | 118 (11.6) | 120 (11.8) |
| Ventricular fibrillation | 164 (16.1) | 151 (14.8) |
| Ventricular tachycardia | 5 (0.5) | 6 (0.6) |
| Drugs administered before arrival at hospital | ||
| Epinephrine, No. (%) | 962 (94.5) | 974 (95.3) |
| Dose, median (IQR), mg | 5 (3-9) | 6 (4-9) |
| Amiodarone, No. (%) | 200 (19.7) | 188 (18.4) |
| Lidocaine, No. (%) | 11 (1.1) | 13 (1.3) |
| Fibrinolytic, No. (%) | 15 (1.5) | 21 (2.1) |
| ECMO-CPR resuscitation, No. (%) | 35 (3.4) | 23 (2.3) |
| Uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death, No. (%)c | 12 (1.2) | 21 (2.1) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); BMV, bag-mask ventilation; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EMS, emergency medical services; ETI, endotracheal intubation; IQR, interquartile range; ITT, intention-to-treat.
Activity limitations: good health = previous good health, no functional limitations; moderate limitation of activity = mild-to-moderate limitation of activity because of a chronic medical problem; chronic disease = chronic disease causing serious but not incapacitating limitation of activity; and severe restriction of activity = severe restriction of activity due to disease, including being bedridden or institutionalized because of illness.
No-flow duration: time delay between collapse and commencement of basic life support.
Uncontrolled donation means kidney grafts retrieval from non–heart-beating donor after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.