Table 2. Characteristics of Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Sarcoidosis-Associated Uveitis Who Present Initially With Idiopathic Uveitis.
| Characteristic | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular surgical history | Cataract, bilateral | None | None | Cataract, both/RRD right eye |
| Initial symptoms/signs | Blurred vision, decreased VF, and enlarged blind spot | Floater, fogginess, and photophobia | Floater and photophobia | Decreasing vision and photophobia |
| BCVA (right, left) at the first visit | 20/20, 20/20 | 20/25, 20/25 | 20/30, 20/25 | 20/400, 20/60 |
| Type of uveitis at first visit, laterality (right, left anterior chamber cells) | Intermediate bilateral (trace, trace) | Anterior bilateral (3+, 2+) | Anterior bilateral (trace, trace) and panuveitis bilateral |
Anterior bilateral (trace, trace) and intermediate bilateral |
| Ocular lesion, laterality | Optic disc swelling in the right eye | Mutton-fat KP bilateral, iris synechiae bilateral, MPCAL bilateral, and mild retinal vasculitis bilateral |
MPCAL bilateral, and vitreous snowball bilateral |
Peripapillary chorioretinal atrophic lesions bilateral and ERM in the left eye |
| Increased ACE/chest radiography evidence/chest CT evidence | −/−/+ | −/−/+ | −/−/+ | −/−/+ |
| Treatments before definitive diagnosis of CS | Prednisone and azathioprine |
Prednisone | Prednisone and MTX |
Prednisone and azathioprine |
| Presenting symptoms of CS (palpitation, chest pain, edema, syncope, or no symptom) | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Manifestation of CS followed by definitive diagnosis by cardiac MRI and PET | VT | PVCs and VT |
PVCs, VT, and cardiomyopathy |
Complete AV block and VT |
| Surgical management for CS | ICD | ICD | Cardiac ablation ICD |
Pacemaker ICD |
| Other systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis | Pulmonary, glandular, splenic involvement |
Pulmonary | Pulmonary | Pulmonary, neurosarcoidosis |
| Time between the onset of ocular symptoms to the first visit with idiopathic uveitis at CEI | 9 wk | 12-14 wk | 21 mo | More than 10 y |
| Time between the first visit with idiopathic uveitis at CEI to the diagnosis of OS | 2 wk | 10 days | 4 wk | 128 wk |
| Time between the diagnosis of OS to the diagnosis of CS | 48 wk | 52 wk | 140 wk | 0 wk |
| Outcome at the last follow-up | BCVA (right, left); 20/20, 20/20; no active ocular inflammation; azathioprine |
BCVA (right, left); 20/20, 20/20; no active ocular inflammation; prednisone; MTX, folic acid |
BCVA (right, left); 20/20, 20/25; no active ocular inflammation; MTX, folic acid |
BCVA (right, left); 20/400, 20/80; no active ocular inflammation; azathioprine; prednisone |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; AV, atrioventricular; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CEI, Casey Eye Institute; CS, cardiac sarcoidosis; CT, computed tomography; ERM, epiretinal membrance; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; KP, keratic precipitate; MPCAL, multifocal peripheral chorioretinal atrophic lesions; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MTX, methotrexate; OS, ocular sarcoidosis; PET, positron emmision tomography; PVCs, premature ventricular contractions; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; VF, visual field; VT, ventricular tachycardia; +, positive; −, negative.