Table 1. Patient Characteristics by Evaluation Group.
| Variable | No. (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Evaluation Only (n = 118) |
Clinical Evaluation and Noninvasive Testing (n = 882) |
||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 53.2 (7.79) | 54.4 (8.14) | .14 |
| Female | 49 (42) | 419 (48) | .24 |
| Race | .23 | ||
| White | 73 (62) | 586 (66) | |
| African American | 34 (29) | 247 (28) | |
| Other | 11 (9) | 49 (6) | |
| Hypertension | 67 (57) | 474 (54) | .56 |
| Diabetes | 17 (14) | 156 (18) | .44 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 47 (40) | 407 (46) | .20 |
| Former or current smoking | 61 (52) | 431 (49) | .62 |
| First-degree relative with CAD/ACS/MI | 28 (24) | 243 (28) | .44 |
| Risk factors | .90 | ||
| 0-1 | 44 (37) | 329 (37) | |
| 2-3 | 64 (54) | 464 (53) | |
| ≥4 | 10 (8) | 89 (10) | |
| Medications | |||
| Aspirin | 25 (21) | 203 (23) | .73 |
| β-Blockers | 21 (18) | 149 (17) | .79 |
| Statins | 35 (30) | 259 (29) | >.99 |
| Chief complaint | .44 | ||
| Anginal chest pain | 104 (88) | 792 (90) | |
| Epigastric pain | 2 (2) | 11 (1) | |
| Arm/jaw/shoulder pain | 1 (1) | 23 (3) | |
| Shortness of breath | 2 (2) | 15 (2) | |
| Other | 9 (8) | 41 (5) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (1) | 12 (1) | >.99 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2 (1) | 12 (1) | .68 |
| Chronic lung disease or COPD | 2 (2) | 21 (2) | >.99 |
| Resting heart rate, mean (SD) | 77.5 (15.44) | 77.2 (14.24) | .87 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 141.6 (21.82) | 144.2 (22.84) | .23 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 82.9 (14.10) | 83.1 (13.21) | .85 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.56 (5.21) | 29.31 (5.03) | .13 |
| Primary discharge diagnosis | <.001 | ||
| Noncardiac chest pain | 107 (91) | 764 (87) | |
| Noncoronary cardiac chest pain | 3 (3) | 12 (1) | |
| Cardiac chest pain not meeting ACS criteria | 8 (7) | 31 (4) | |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 0 | 75 (9) | <.001 |
| MI | 0 | 23 (3) | .10 |
| Unstable angina | 0 | 52 (6) | .002 |
Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction.