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. 2017 Dec 14;136(2):116–121. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.5668

Figure 3. Sex Difference in Age-Standardized Disability-Adjusted Life-year (DALY) Rates.

Figure 3.

Rates are stratified by human development index (HDI; range, 0-1.000, with higher values indicating higher levels of socioeconomic development) as an indicator of national socioeconomic status. Lines inside the boxes indicate the medians; boxes, the 25% and 75% percentiles; and lines outside the boxes, the minimum and the maximum values.

aFor difference between sexes, P < .001, paired Wilcoxon signed rank test.