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. 2017 Dec 14;136(2):116–121. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.5668

Figure 4. Male and Female Age-Standardized Rates.

Figure 4.

The sex difference (female minus male) in age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates and female to male age-standardized DALY rate ratio were inversely related to the level of national socioeconomic development, measured by the human development index (HDI; range, 0-1.000, with higher values indicating higher levels of socioeconomic development) as an indicator of national socioeconomic status. The lines indicate linear fit; data points, countries with corresponding HDIs and female minus male difference in age-standardized DALY rates or female to male age-standardized DALY rate ratios.