Table 1.

Demographic and clinical details of LTCF residents from three Italian Provinces

	Milan (M), % (n = 104)	Piacenza (P), % (n = 121)	Bolzano (B), % (n = 115)	Significant differences (p-value)
Male sex	30.7	26.4	43.4	M vs. B (0.05); P vs. B (0.006)
Age ≥ 86 years	58.7	60.3	35.6	M vs. B (< 0.001); P vs. B (< 0.001)
Antibiotics in preceding 3 months	24.0	50.4	23.4	M vs. P (< 0.001); P vs. B (< 0.001)
Fluoroquinolones	8.6	7.4	5.2
Penicillins	2.8	1.6	12.1	M vs. B (0.01); P vs. B (0.001)
Cephalosporins	5.7	24.8	1.7	M vs. P (< 0.001); P vs. B (< 0.001)
Dementia	42.3	79.3	68.7	M vs. P (< 0.001); M vs. B (< 0.001)
Peripheral vascular disease	59.6	47.1	71.3	P vs. B (< 0.001)
Urinary incontinence	74.0	84.3	85.2	M vs. P (0.05); M vs. B (0.04)
Diabetes	19.2	16.5	20.8
Cancer	8.6	8.2	9.5
Decubitus ulcer	6.7	5.7	11.3
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	11.5	9.1	18.2	P vs. B (0.04)
Physical disability (Barthel immobility score of 0)	10.4	41.3	67.8	M vs. P (< 0.001); M vs. B (< 0.001); P vs. B (< 0.001)
Coma	0.0	0.0	17.4	M vs. B (< 0.001); P vs. B (< 0.001)
Any medical device	10.5	23.9	38.2	M vs. P (0.009); M vs. B (< 0.001); P vs. B (0.01)
Percutaneous enteral gastrostomy tube	2.8	11.5	20.8	M vs. P (0.01); M vs. B (< 0.001); P vs. B (0.05)
Tracheostomy tube	0.0	1.6	9.5	M vs. B (0.001); P vs. B (0.007)
Urinary catheter	8.6	6.6	18.2	M vs. B (0.04); P vs. B (0.006)
Nasogastric tube	0.0	9.1	1.7	M vs. P (0.001); P vs. B (0.01)
Length of stay in LTCF < 6 months	17.7	8.2	17.3	M vs. P (0.03); P vs. B (0.03)
Hospital admission in previous 12 months, any department	22.3	15.8	38.2	M vs. B (0.01); M vs. P (< 0.001)
				P vs. B (< 0.001)
Geriatrics	0.0	1.6	9.5	M vs. B (p = 0.001); P vs. B (p = 0.007)
Medicine	4.8	5.7	6.0
Orthopedics	3.8	3.3	4.3
Infection	3.8a	5.7b	0.8c	P vs. B (0.03)

^aUrinary tract infection - UTI (2), respiratory tract infection - RTI (1), infected prosthesis (1)

^bRTI (6), UTI (1), skin and soft tissue infection (1)

^cUTI (1)