Table 4.
Hierarchical linear modeling results for social competence and status (N = 278).
| First grade b (SE) | Second grade b (SE) | Third grade b (SE) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. SOCIAL COMPETENCE: SELF-RATED | |||
| Grade (Intercept) | |||
| Mean initial score | 12.42** (0.214) | 13.79** (0.117) | 20.41** (0.082) |
| Sex | 0.00 (0.131) | 0.01 (0.028) | 0.15* (0.121) |
| Playfulness | 0.16* (0.018) | 0.17* (0.070) | 0.01 (0.098) |
| Playfulness x Sex | 0.01 (0.112) | 0.02 (0.022) | 0.14* (0.037) |
| Change From First to Second Grade (Slope) | |||
| Change in average score | 1.51 (0.079) | ||
| Sex | 0.00 (0.108) | ||
| Playfulness | 0.05 (0.059) | ||
| Playfulness x Sex | 0.04 (0.046) | ||
| Change From Second to Third Grade (Slope) | |||
| Mean change in average score | 5.15* (0.141) | ||
| Sex | 0.00 (0.158) | ||
| Playfulness | 0.02 (0.114) | ||
| Playfulness x Sex | 0.17* (0.059) | ||
| B. SOCIAL STATUS: PEER-RATED | |||
| Grade (Intercept) | |||
| Initial score | 14.18* (0.203) | 13.55* (0.099) | 13.67* (0.051) |
| Sex | 0.01 (0.098) | 0.00 (0.103) | 0.14* (0.108) |
| Playfulness | 0.27** (0.060) | 0.34** (0.051) | 0.02 (0.099) |
| Playfulness x Sex | 0.00 (0.082) | 0.02 (0.087) | 0.15* (0.031) |
| Change From First to Second Grade (Slope) | |||
| Mean change in average score | 0.97 (0.027) | ||
| Sex | 0.02 (0.005) | ||
| Playfulness | 0.00 (0.038) | ||
| Playfulness x Sex | 0.03 (0.071) | ||
| Change From Second to Third Grade (Slope) | |||
| Mean change in average score | 16.24** (0.019) | ||
| Sex | 0.02 (0.081) | ||
| Playfulness | 0.03 (0.072) | ||
| Playfulness x Sex | 0.15* (0.035) | ||
| C. SOCIAL COMPETENCE: TEACHER-RATED | |||
| Grade (Intercept) | |||
| Initial score | 22.59** (0.081) | 20.34** (0.029) | 17.38** (0.067) |
| Sex | −0.40** (0.114) | −0.09* (0.078) | −0.21** (0.164) |
| Playfulness | −0.01 (0.032) | −0.11 (0.053) | −0.02 (0.056) |
| Playfulness x Sex | −0.01 (0.089) | −0.38** (0.042) | −0.37** (0.098) |
| Change From First to Second Grade (Slope) | |||
| Mean change in average score | 13.54* (0.223) | ||
| Sex | −0.01 (0.134) | ||
| Playfulness | −0.02 (0.040) | ||
| Playfulness x Sex | −0.16* (0.072) | ||
| Change From Second to Third Grade (Slope) | |||
| Mean change in average score | 19.88** (0.175) | ||
| Sex | −0.15* (0.067) | ||
| Playfulness | −0.16* (0.052) | ||
| Playfulness x Sex | −0.22** (0.059) | ||
**
p < 0.001;
*
p < 0.01.