Table 6.

Hierarchical linear modeling results for class clown ratings (N = 278).

	First grade b (SE)	Second grade b (SE)	Third grade b (SE)
A. CLASS CLOWN: SELF-RATED
Grade (Intercept)
Initial score	0.43 (0.089)	0.91 (0.021)	0.28 (0.060)
Sex	0.01 (0.044)	0.00 (0.019)	0.01 (0.022)
Playfulness	0.01 (0.080)	0.02 (0.042)	0.01 (0.058)
Playfulness x Sex	0.00 (0.074)	0.01 (0.011)	0.03 (0.082)
Change From First TO Second Grade (Slope)
Change in average score	1.56 (0.104)
Sex	0.00 (0.106)
Playfulness	0.02 (0.088)
Playfulness x Sex	0.00 (0.039)
Change From Second to Third Grade (Slope)
Change in average score	1.93 (0.009)
Sex	0.02 (0.078)
Playfulness	0.01 (0.061)
Playfulness x Sex	0.01 (0.047)
B. CLASS CLOWN: PEER-RATED
Initial score	14.88* (0.067)	16.90* (0.049)	25.61** (0.012)
Sex	0.15* (0.077)	0.16* (0.018)	0.15* (0.023)
Playfulness	0.29** (0.032)	0.15* (0.026)	0.14* (0.076)
Playfulness x Sex	0.03 (0.039)	0.15* (0.019)	0.33** (0.038)
Change From First to Second Grade (Slope)
Change in average score	2.32 (0.034)
Sex	0.00 (0.089)
Playfulness	0.01 (0.071)
Playfulness x Sex	0.00 (0.015)
Change From Second to Third Grade (Slope)
Change in average score	2.38 (0.019)
Sex	0.03 (0.060)
Playfulness	0.01 (0.107)
Playfulness x Sex	0.16* (0.018)
C. CLASS CLOWN (TEACHER-RATED)
Initial score	13.09* (0.112)	14.22* (0.065)	27.96** (0.089)
Sex	0.32** (0.067)	0.37** (0.030)	0.36** (0.049)
Playfulness	0.31** (0.031)	0.32** (0.076)	0.44** (0.072)
Playfulness x Sex	0.28** (0.069)	0.31** (0.022)	0.29** (0.028)
Change From First to Second Grade (Slope)
Change in average score	1.18 (0.053)
Sex	0.01 (0.103)
Playfulness	0.04 (0.067)
Playfulness x Sex	0.02 (0.039)
Change From Second to Third Grade (Slope)
Change in average score	1.92 (0.114)
Sex	0.01 (0.023)
Playfulness	0.01 (0.078)
Playfulness x Sex	0.03 (0.045)

^**p < 0.001;

^*p < 0.01.