T-oligo induces senescence in vivo and in vitro through p33, p27kip1, pRb, p16 and p21. H358 and SW1573 NSCLC cell lysates and tumor sections were evaluated for a change in expression of senescence inducing proteins by immunoblotting. (A) Treatment with T-oligo in vitro increased the expression of p33 at 48 (2.2-fold) and 96 h (1.6-fold) in H358 cells and increased the expression of p27kip1 (1.8-fold), pRb (3-fold), p16 (2-fold) and p21 (2-fold) at 48 h. (B) T-oligo induced an upregulation in p33 expression in vitro in SW1573 cells at 96 h (2-fold), and an increase in expression of both p27kip1 (1.8-fold), and p21 at 72 h (2-fold). (C) Paraffin sections of SW1573 tumors were stained using the M.O.M. kit (Vector) with antibodies against p21, p27kip1, and p33. Tumor sections treated with complementary oligonucleotide showed no significant expression of p21, p27kip1 or p33, while tumors treated with T-oligo show marked increase in expression of p21, p27kip1, and p33 as indicated by the light brown staining.