Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants by periodontitis status (n = 188)
| Overall | Periodontitis category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No/mild | Moderate | Severe | |||
| n = 188 | n = 70 | n = 100 | n = 18 | P a | |
| Oral health status | |||||
| Number of teeth, median (IQR) | 24 (15–27) | 26 (21–28) | 23 (12–26) | 17 (11–25) | <0.01 * |
| Mean PPD (mm), median (IQR) | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | 1.6 (1.4–1.7) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) | <0.01 * |
| Mean CAL (mm), median (IQR) | 2.4 (1.1–3.5) | 1.0 (0.3–1.5) | 2.8 (2.2–3.7) | 4.1 (3.6–4.9) | <0.01 * |
| Age, mean (SD) | 63.6 (12.8) | 60.5 (13.6) | 65.9 (12.3) | 63.1 (10.6) | 0.03 * |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 118 (62.8) | 37 (52.9) | 67 (67.0) | 14 (77.8) | 0.07 |
| Female | 70 (37.2) | 33 (47.1) | 33 (33.0) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Health status and health behavior | |||||
| Underlying cause of hemodialysis, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 48 (25.5) | 12 (17.1) | 30 (30.0) | 6 (33.3) | 0.24 |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 99 (52.7) | 44 (62.9) | 47 (47.0) | 8 (44.4) | |
| Others | 41 (21.8) | 14 (20.0) | 23 (23.0) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Duration of hemodialysis (year), median (IQR) | 7 (3–16) | 8.5 (4–17) | 6 (3–16) | 5.5 (2–14) | 0.49 |
| Medical diagnosis, n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 71 (37.7) | 30 (42.9) | 37 (37.0) | 4 (22.2) | 0.27 |
| Diabetes | 65 (34.6) | 15 (21.4) | 41 (41.0) | 9 (50.0) | 0.01 * |
| Depression | 5 (2.7) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0.68 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 32 (17.0) | 11 (15.7) | 18 (18.0) | 3 (16.7) | 0.93 |
| Stroke | 42 (22.3) | 14 (20.0) | 22 (22.0) | 6 (33.3) | 0.48 |
| Serum biomarker levels | |||||
| Albumin < 3.6 g/dL | 73 (38.8) | 22 (31.4) | 44 (44.0) | 7 (38.9) | 0.25 |
| Non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 150 mg/dL | 34 (18.1) | 15 (21.4) | 18 (18.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0.30 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 20.7 (18.9–22.3) | 20.7 (18.8–22.3) | 20.7 (19.1–22.5) | 19.8 (18.4–21.3) | 0.50 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Current smoker | 29 (15.4) | 7 (10.0) | 18 (18.0) | 4 (22.2) | 0.04 * |
| Previous smoker | 73 (38.8) | 21 (30.0) | 43 (43.0) | 9 (50.0) | |
| Never smoked | 86 (45.7) | 42 (60.0) | 39 (39.0) | 5 (27.8) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||||
| Ethanol ≥ 20 g/day | 30 (16.0) | 10 (14.3) | 16 (16.0) | 4 (22.2) | 0.71 |
Note. BMI = body mass index; CAL = clinical attachment loss; IQR = interquartile range; PPD = periodontal probing depth; SD = standard deviation.
a
P value for the comparison among the three periodontitis groups.
*
P < 0.05.