Table 2.
Summary of common adverse effects in ketogenic diet
| Adverse effects | Numbers | Adverse effects | Numbers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weight loss | 63 | Gastroesophageal reflux | 1 |
| None | 29 | Acne | 2 |
| Low‐density lipoprotein(LDL) ≥ 130 mg/dL | 27 | Carnitine deficiency | 2 |
| Elevated total cholesterol | 20 | Osteoporosis | 2 |
| Menstrual irregularities (female patients) | 10 | Lethargy or drowsiness | 2 |
| Hunger | 8 | Lipid disorder | 2 |
| Diarrhea | 6 | Flatulence | 1 |
| Constipation | 8 | Abdominal pain | 1 |
| Worse seizures | 8 | Increased seizure frequency | 1 |
| Fatigue | 7 | Metabolic acidosis | 1 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL | 7 | A temporary increase in serum cholesterol | 1 |
| Vomiting | 5 | Alopecia | 1 |
| Weakness | 4 | Cholecystitis | 1 |
| Mild intermittent constipation | 4 | Ecchymosis | 1 |
| Weight gain | 3 | Halitosis | 1 |
| Nausea | 3 | Leg cramps | 1 |
| Nephrolithiasis | 3 | Symptoms of gallstones | 1 |
| Abdominal cramps | 2 | Thirst | 1 |
| Headache | 2 | Psychosis/hallucinations | 1 |
| High‐density lipoprotein B 40 mg/dL | 2 |