Fig. 5.

Effects of spermidine on LPS-induced ROS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cells were treated with 500 ng/ml LPS for the indicated time (A) or pre-incubated with or without 800 μM spermidine or 10 mM NAC for 1 h and then stimulated with 500 ng/ml LPS for 1 h (B and C). The cells were incubated with 10 μM DCF-DA for 30 min at 37°C. Cells were collected, and DCF fluorescence was measured by a flow cytometry. Values represent the means ± SD of two independent experiments. (C) Images were obtained using a fluorescence microscope and presented are from one experiment and are representative of at least 3 independent experiments.