Table 1. Demographic and health behaviors in pregnant and postpartum women (n = 377).
| Total Pregnant and Postpartum | Pregnant | Post Partum | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 212) | HIV- (N = 134) | HIV + (N = 78) | Overall (N = 165) | HIV- (N = 92) | HIV + (N = 73) | |||
| Socio- Demographics | ||||||||
| Age (median, IQR) | 377 | 28 (24, 32) | 27 (23, 32) | 30 (25, 33) | 28 (23, 32)% | 27 (23, 31) | 29 (25, 32) | 0.81 |
| Education | ||||||||
| None | 1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0.45 |
| Below Matric | 208 | 112 (53%) | 68 (51%) | 44 (57%) | 96 (58%) | 52 (57%) | 44 (60%) | |
| Matric | 157 | 94 (44%) | 61 (46%) | 33 (42%) | 63 (38%) | 36 (40%) | 27 (37%) | |
| Degree/diploma | 11 | 6 (3%) | 5 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 5 (3%) | 4 (4%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Relationship with father of child | ||||||||
| No relationship | 40 | 18 (8%) | 8 (6%) | 10 (13%) | 22 (14%) | 8 (9%) | 14 (20%) | 0.22 |
| Married/cohabiting | 166 | 101 (48%) | 58 (44%) | 43 (56%) | 65 (40%) | 39 (43%) | 26 (37%) | |
| Casual partner/non-cohabiting | 168 | 92 (43%) | 68 (51%) | 24 (31%) | 76 (47%) | 45 (49%) | 31 (43%) | |
| Widowed | 1 | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| HIV status of father of child | ||||||||
| Sero-concordant | 200 | 105 (50%) | 78 (58%) | 27 (35%) | 95 (58%) | 67 (73%) | 28 (39%) | 0.062 |
| Sero-discordant | 30 | 14 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (18%) | 16 (10%) | 1 (1%) | 15 (21%) | |
| Don’t know | 146 | 93 (44%) | 56 (42%) | 37 (48%) | 53 (32%) | 24 (26%) | 29 (40%) | |
| Current employment status | ||||||||
| Employed | 123 | 80 (38%) | 56 (42%) | 24 (31%) | 43 (26%) | 24 (26%) | 19 (26%) | 0.018 |
| Unemployed | 253 | 132 (62%) | 78 (58%) | 54 (69%) | 121 (74%) | 68 (74%) | 53 (74%) | |
| Wanted to get pregnant this time | ||||||||
| Yes | 121 | 73 (35%) | 46 (35%) | 27 (35%) | 48 (30%) | 31 (34%) | 17 (24%) | 0.24 |
| No | 224 | 119 (57%) | 74 (56%) | 45 (59%) | 105 (65%) | 57 (63%) | 48 (68%) | |
| Unsure | 27 | 18 (9%) | 13 (10%) | 5 (6%) | 9 (6%) | 3 (3%) | 6 (8%) | |
| Alcohol questions | ||||||||
| During pregnancy frequency of alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Never | 267 | 149 (71%) | 97 (72%) | 52 (68%) | 118 (72%) | 68 (74%) | 50 (69%) | 0.98 |
| ≤4 times a month | 102 | 58 (27%) | 35 (27%) | 23 (29%) | 44 (27%) | 24 (26%) | 20 (27%) | |
| ≥2 times a week | 7 | 4 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4%) | |
| During pregnancy consumed alcohol 6+ times in one occasion | ||||||||
| Never | 299 | 167 (79%) | 11 (29%) | 6 (25%) | 132 (80%) | 21 (58%) | 13 (42%) | 0.68 |
| ≤4 times a month | 71 | 42 (20%) | 24 (62%) | 18 (74%) | 29 (18%) | 14 (39%) | 15 (49%) | |
| ≥2 times a week | 7 | 3 (1%) | 3 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Sexual behavior questions | ||||||||
| Days between last sex and interview (median, IQR) | 279 | 5 (3, 16) | 6 (3,17) | 5 (2, 16) | 16 (6, 59) | 14 (6, 36) | 21 (6, 74) | <0.001 |
| Condom use at last sex | ||||||||
| Yes | 116 | 42 (20%) | 14 (11%) | 28 (36%) | 74 (45%) | 34 (37%) | 40 (55%) | <0.001 |
| No | 259 | 169 (80%) | 120 (89%) | 49 (64%) | 90 (55%) | 57 (63%) | 33 (45%) | |
| >1 partner in past year | ||||||||
| Yes | 58 | 37 (18%) | 23 (17%) | 14 (18%) | 21 (13%) | 14 (15%) | 7 (10%) | 0.209 |
| No | 317 | 174 (82%) | 111 (83%) | 63 (82%) | 143 (87%) | 77 (85%) | 66 (90%) | |
| Sexual practices during pregnancy | ||||||||
| Oral sex (F to M) | 376 | 46 (22%) | 35 (26%) | 11 (14%) | 40 (24%) | 27 (30%) | 13 (18%) | 0.58 |
| Oral sex (M to F) | 376 | 38 (18%) | 28 (21%) | 10 (13%) | 41 (25%) | 27 (29%) | 14 (20%) | 0.11 |
| Anal sex | 375 | 12 (6%) | 10 (8%) | 2 (3%) | 18 (11%) | 12 (13%) | 6 (8%) | 0.06 |
| Vaginal sex | 376 | 206 (98%) | 131 (98%) | 75 (98%) | 163 (99%) | 90 (98%) | 73 (100%) | 0.41 |