Table 3. The association of anti-flagellin and anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin concentrations at 6 and 9 months with annual Z score changes for length using linear mixed effects models.
| Immunoglobulins at 6 months with annual ΔLAZ as outcome | Immunoglobulins at 9 months with annual ΔLAZ as outcome | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unadj β (SE) | p-value | adj β (SE)1 | p-value | unadj β (SE) | p-value | adj β (SE)1 | p-value | ||
| Flic IgA, OD | Flic IgA, OD | ||||||||
| Q1 <0.21 | ref | — | ref | — | Q1 <0.32 | ref | — | ref | — |
| Q2 0.21 to <0.30 | 0.29(0.12) | 0.02 | 0.21(0.12) | 0.09 | Q2 0.32 to <0.44 | -0.22(0.13) | 0.09 | -0.22(0.13) | 0.08 |
| Q3 0.30 to <0.42 | 0.08(0.12) | 0.52 | 0.05(0.12) | 0.67 | Q3 0.44 to <0.61 | -0.25(0.13) | 0.049 | -0.29(0.13) | 0.02 |
| Q4 >0.42 | -0.05(0.12) | 0.68 | -0.04(0.12) | 0.72 | Q4 >0.61 | -0.30(0.13) | 0.03 | -0.32(0.13) | 0.01 |
| Flic IgG, OD | Flic IgG, OD | ||||||||
| Q1 <0.47 | Ref | — | Ref | — | Q1 <0.65 | Ref | — | Ref | — |
| Q2 0.47 to <0.60 | 0.03(0.13) | 0.82 | 0.11(0.12) | 0.39 | Q2 0.65 to <0.82 | -0.06(0.13) | 0.63 | -0.04(0.13) | 0.73 |
| Q3 0.60 to <0.75 | 0.10(0.12) | 0.44 | 0.12(0.12) | 0.33 | Q3 0.82 to <1.03 | -0.04(0.13) | 0.78 | -0.07(0.13) | 0.59 |
| Q4 >0.75 | -0.14(0.12) | 0.26 | -0.10(0.12) | 0.41 | Q4 >1.03 | -0.27(0.13) | 0.04 | -0.23(0.13) | 0.07 |
| LPS IgA, OD | LPS IgA, OD | ||||||||
| Q1 <0.17 | Ref | — | Ref | — | Q1 <0.23 | Ref | — | Ref | — |
| Q2 0.17 to <0.24 | 0.01(0.12) | 0.91 | -0.08(0.12) | 0.51 | Q2 0.23 to <0.36 | -0.18(0.13) | 0.16 | -0.19(0.13) | 0.14 |
| Q3 0.24 to <0.34 | -0.04(0.13) | 0.78 | -0.09(0.12) | 0.47 | Q3 0.36 to <0.56 | -0.27(0.13) | 0.037 | -0.24(0.13) | 0.07 |
| Q4 >0.34 | -0.30(0.12) | 0.02 | -0.33(0.12) | 0.008 | Q4 >0.56 | -0.14(0.13) | 0.28 | -0.18(0.13) | 0.16 |
| LPS IgG, OD | LPS IgG, OD | ||||||||
| Q1 <0.33 | ref | — | ref | — | Q1 <0.44 | Ref | — | Ref | — |
| Q2 0.33 to <0.47 | -0.07(0.12) | 0.58 | -0.04(0.13) | 0.78 | Q2 0.44 to <0.62 | 0.11(0.13) | 0.38 | 0.16(0.13) | 0.21 |
| Q3 0.47 to <0.66 | 0.14(0.12) | 0.25 | 0.15(0.12) | 0.23 | Q3 0.62 to <0.89 | -0.05(0.13) | 0.69 | -0.05(0.13) | 0.70 |
| Q4 >0.66 | -0.10(0.12) | 0.40 | -0.08(0.12) | 0.54 | Q4 >0.89 | 0.09(0.13) | 0.48 | 0.06(0.13) | 0.65 |
Note
1Adjusted for child sex (male/female), preterm birth (yes/no), maternal age (≥30, <30years), maternal literacy (yes/no), antibiotic use (yes/no), RUTF (yes/no). Abbreviations: Flic = Flagellin; LPS = Lipopolysaccharide; IgA = Immunoglobulin A; IgG = Immunoglobulin G; ΔLAZ = change in Length-for-age Z scores; RUTF = ready to use therapeutic food.