Figure 3.

Therapeutic manipulation of ageing macrophages and microglia. As monocyte-derived macrophages age differently from CNS-intrinsic microglia, different therapeutic strategies are required to harness the benefits of these cells for CNS repair. Therapies that reverse HSC senescence, increase monocyte chemotaxis, enhance microglia and macrophage phagocytosis, generate a regulatory macrophage/microglia phenotype, and reduce toxic pro-inflammatory mediators are promising for repair of the injured and ageing CNS.