Table 3.

Dietary intake before and after the intervention in ω-3 and PL.

	PL (n = 11)			ω-3 (n = 11)			PL vs. ω-3
	Pre	Post	Δ (95% CI)	Pre	Post	Δ (95% CI)	Δ difference (95% CI)	p	ES
Total energy (kcal)	1,567 ± 272	1,528 ± 665	−146 (−820 to 528)	1,738 ± 370	1,771 ± 406	62 (−476 to 599)	−208 (−1,071 to 654)	0.6	0.12
Protein (g)	61.1 ± 20.6	80.1 ± 33.5	0.1 (−31.9 to 32.0)	80.7 ± 23.8	77.1 ± 17.6	5.7 (−19.0 to 30.5)	−5.7 (−46.1 to 34.8)	0.8	−0.6
Protein (%)	15.2 ± 4.2	21.7 ± 7.6	−2.0 (−5.6 to 9.6)	19.1 ± 3.3	18.1 ± 4.6	1.2 (−5.0 to 7.4)	0.8 (−8.9 to 10.6)	0.8	−0.8
Carbohydrate (g)	223.0 ± 31.5	190.9 ± 94.1	−32.4 (−115.6 to 50.7)	219.5 ± 63.5	229.9 ± 62.4	6.8 (−63.3 to 77.0)	−39.2 (−148.1 to 69.5)	0.4	−0.5
Carbohydrate (%)	58.2 ± 7.0	48.2 ± 6.2	−4.2 (−11.8 to 3.4)	50.1 ± 7.5	51.6 ± 4.6	−1.4 (−7.4 to 4.5)	−2.8 (−12.4 to 6.9)	0.5	0.9
Fat (g)	47.8 ± 16.5	49.2 ± 19.4	−5.8 (−29.7 to 18.1)	59.7 ± 17.3	60.3 ± 16.6	6.2 (−13.1 to 25.6)	−12.1 (−42.9 to 18.7)	0.4	0.07
Fat (%)	26.6 ± 4.8	30.1 ± 4.5	−2.0 (−11.0 to 6.9)	35.7 ± 18.5	30.3 ± 4.5	−1.4 (−6.6 to 3.7)	−0.6 (−10.9 to 9.8)	0.9	−0.5
EPA (mg)a	8.0 ± 0.8	6.7 ± 5.0	−0.3 (−1.0 to 1.0)	9.5 ± 5.4	8.0 ± 6.7	−3.0 (−7.2 to 0.5)	3.0 (−6.9 to 13.1)	0.5	−0.4
DHA (mg)a	21.3 ± 22.0	11.3 ± 13.6	−12.6 (−26.5 to 1.1)	25.9 ± 21.9	13.7 ± 16.2	−13.2 (−24.8 to 1.6)	0.6 (−17.5 to 18.6)	0.9	−0.2
ALA (mg)	326 ± 476	290 ± 304	−74 (−299 to 151)	481 ± 263	473 ± 244	79 (−113 to 271)	−153 (−448 to 143)	0.3	0.2

Data expressed as mean ± SD. Delta change (Δ) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), estimated difference between delta changes (Δ difference) and 95% CI, and level of significance (p) calculated using a mixed model adjusted by pre-values: effect size (ES).

EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; ALA, α-linoleic acid.

^aValues without accounting for supplementation.