Table 1.

Overview of the adverse events associated with the use of dermal fillers.

Adapted from Funt and Pavicic [6]

Adverse events	Signs and symptoms
	Immediate/early adverse eventsb	Delayed adverse eventsc
Injection site reactionsa	Erythema Edema Pain/tenderness Bruising Itching	Erythema Edema Pain/tenderness Nodule/abscess Systemic responses Biofilm
Infection	Erythema Edema Pain/tenderness Acne papule formation Nodule/abscess Herpes outbreak	Biofilm Herpes outbreak Foreign-body granulomad
Hypersensitivity	Erythema Edema Pain/tenderness Non-fluctuant nodules	Migration of filler material
Technical and placement errors	Bumps/lumps Asymmetries Contour irregularities Compromised muscle function Dysesthesias, paresthesias, and anesthesia	Immune reactions Compromised muscle function Dysesthesias and paresthesias
Skin discoloration	Redness Whiteness Hyperpigmentation	Persistent discoloration Persistent scarring
Vascular compromisee	Blurred vision Loss of vision Pain Blanching	Tissue necrosis

^aAtypical as a delayed adverse events

^bOccurring up to several days post-treatment

^cOccurring from weeks to years post-treatment

^dVarying from subclinical histologic changes to disfiguring nodules

^eRetinal artery occlusion