Table 1.
Demographic data of the participants (N=194)
| Variable | n | % | M ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| 60–64 | 44 | 23 | 72.64±8.58 |
| 65–96 | 150 | 77 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 84 | 43 | |
| Female | 110 | 57 | |
| Education | |||
| Literate | 37 | 19 | |
| Illiterate | 157 | 81 | |
| Living with family | |||
| Yes | 179 | 92.3 | |
| No | 15 | 7.7 | |
| Primary caregiver | |||
| Spouse | 62 | 32 | |
| Child/child-in-law | 63 | 32.5 | |
| Relatives/friends/employee | 29 | 14.9 | |
| Institution/nursing home | 7 | 3.6 | |
| Oneself | 33 | 17 | |
| Monthly income allowance | |||
| < NT$10,000 | 69 | 35.6 | |
| NT$10,000–20,000 | 64 | 33 | |
| NT$20,000–30,000 | 28 | 14.4 | |
| > NT$30,000 | 33 | 17 | |
| Income sources | |||
| Oneself | 60 | 30.9 | |
| Spouse | 15 | 7.7 | |
| Children | 103 | 53.1 | |
| Others | 16 | 8.2 | |
| Physical symptoms | |||
| Fatigue | 138 | 71.1 | |
| Muscle weakness | 125 | 64.4 | |
| Skin itchiness | 123 | 63.4 | |
| Laboratory variables | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.24±1.53 | ||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.91±0.39 | ||
| Kt/V | 1.67±0.93 | ||
| ADL | |||
| 100 | 103 | 53.1 | 87.56±19.05 |
| 91–99 | 13 | 6.7 | |
| 61–90 | 55 | 28.4 | |
| 21–60 | 21 | 10.8 | |
| 0–20 | 2 | 1.0 | |
| IADL | |||
| Independent | 33 | 17 | 13.45±8.04 |
| Dependent | 161 | 83 | |
| Resilience | |||
| 147–175 (high) | 33 | 17 | 116.72±31.52 |
| 121–146 (moderate) | 71 | 36.6 | |
| <120 (low) | 90 | 46.4 | |
| Social support | |||
| 46–60 (high) | 113 | 58.2 | 47.14±9.32 |
| 31–45 (moderate) | 70 | 36.1 | |
| 15–30 (low) | 11 | 5.7 | |
| BDI-II scale | |||
| 0–13 (minimal) | 105 | 54.1 | 13.43±9.51 |
| 14–19 (mild) | 42 | 21.6 | |
| 20–28 (moderate) | 32 | 16.5 |
Abbreviations: ADL, activity of daily living; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living; NT$, New Taiwan Dollar.