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. 2018 Mar 7;24(9):1022–1034. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i9.1022

Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate survival analyses of factors associated with overall and cancer-specific survival of all patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma

Variables Overall survival
Cancer-specific survival
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
3-yr OS χ2 P value HR (95%CI) P value 3-yr OS χ2 P value HR (95%CI) P value
Race 2.22 0.329 1.95 0.377
White 33.3% 36.1%
Black 34.8% 36.9%
Other 38.9% 42.1%
Sex 0.44 0.507 0.54 0.463
Male 35.3% 38.3%
Female 37.7% 40.9%
Age at diagnosis, in yr 1.89 0.387 0.48 0.783
≤ 60 31.2% 35.8%
60-70 39.1% 41.4%
> 70 30.7% 36.8%
Marital status 5.02 0.285 5.98 0.201
Married 37.3% 39.6%
Divorced - -
Separated or single 31.4% 35.3%
Widowed 34.1% -
Unknown -
Year of diagnosis 1.82 0.402 3.25 0.197
2004-2010 37.3% 41.4%
2011-2012 30.9% 33.2%
2013-2014 - -
Tumor size, in mm 8.04 0.045 0.230 8.76 0.032 0.249
≤ 20 40.8% Reference 44.0% Reference
20-50 29.9% 1.25 (0.94-1.67) 33.2% 1.23 (0.91-1.68)
> 50 0.0% 1.67 (0.86-3.23) 0.0% 1.76 (0.91-3.43)
Unknown 37.7% 0.95 (0.57-1.58) 46.3% 0.96 (0.56-1.65)
Grade 6.77 0.079 6.92 0.074
Well differentiated 48.6% 52.4%
Moderately differentiated 32.6% 38.9%
Poorly or undifferentiated 30.3% 32.6%
Unknown 43.2% 43.2%
T stage 5.57 0.018 0.270 11.16 < 0.001 0.037
T1/T2 44.3% Reference 51.6% Reference
T3/T4 29.6% 1.19 (0.87-1.64) 32.6% 1.45 (1.02-2.07)
N stage 10.64 0.001 0.020 12.27 < 0.001 0.022
N0 44.5% Reference 47.4% Reference
N1 26.9% 1.40 (1.05-1.86) 30.3% 1.42 (1.05-1.92)
Surgery type 1.20 0.272 0.73 0.393
Local excision 44.0% 45.3%
Extensive surgery 34.4% 37.9%
Adjuvant radiotherapy 0.16 0.683 0.79 0.372
No/Unknown radiotherapy 39.9% 44.3%
Beam radiation 29.5% 30.5%
Adjuvant chemotherapy 1.10 0.293 2.92 0.087
No/Unknown chemotherapy 41.2% 47.5%
Chemotherapy performed 32.2% 33.3%
No. of LNs retrieved 2.91 0.233 3.90 0.141
1-2 23.6% 29.9%
3-6 35.6% 39.4%
> 6 36.0% 39.0%

CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio; LNs: Lymph nodes; OS: Overall survival.