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. 2018 Mar;188(3):715–727. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.018

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Immunohistochemistry analyses. A–D: Staining of osteocalcin (OCN), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), SRY-related HMG-box-9 (SOX9), and CD-31/platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31). A: NELL-PEG group shows increased osteoblastic activities and decreased osteoclastic activities in the callus area. B: The lining of the bony callus of NELL-PEG group exhibits some TRAP-positive cells, but they are not found in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group. C: SOX9 marker is elevated in the PBS group as opposed to the NELL-PEG group, which has no remnants of cartilaginous bone. D: The NELL-PEG group exhibits a higher expression of CD31-positive staining compared with the PBS group. Black boxed areas show perifracture areas, and red boxed areas show midcallus areas. Boxed areas in top panels are shown at higher power magnification in middle and bottom panels. Original magnification: ×10 (A–D, top panels); ×20 (A–D, middle and bottom panels).