Table 2.
Clinical features, management, and outcomes of adult patients with seasonal influenza who visited one of four tertiary medical centers in South Korea during spring 2014, according to the time from symptom onset to influenza diagnostic testing
| Characteristic | Time from symptom onset to diagnostic testing |
p valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–1 Day (ED group) (n = 661) | 2–3 Days (n = 554) | 4–7 Days (LD group) (n = 190) | ||
| Presenting symptom | ||||
| Cough | 528/660 (80.0) | 484 (87.4) | 166 (87.4) | 0.02 |
| Sputum production | 337/660 (51.1) | 339 (61.2) | 121 (63.7) | 0.002 |
| Rhinorrhea | 312/660 (47.3) | 248 (44.8) | 92 (48.4) | 0.78 |
| Sore throat | 347/660 (52.6) | 293 (52.9) | 96 (50.5) | 0.62 |
| Dyspnea | 37/660 (5.6) | 39 (7.0) | 28 (14.7) | < 0.001 |
| Fever | 601/660 (91.1) | 499 (90.1) | 155 (81.6) | < 0.001 |
| Myalgia | 419/660 (63.5) | 325 (58.7) | 98 (51.6) | 0.003 |
| Clinical severity | ||||
| Hospitalization | 126 (19.1) | 114 (20.6) | 55 (28.9) | 0.003 |
| Admission to intensive care unit | 6 (0.9) | 10 (1.8) | 7 (3.7) | 0.01 |
| Pneumonia | 28 (4.2) | 28 (5.1) | 31 (16.3) | < 0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Oxygen supplementation | 29/660 (4.4) | 25 (4.5) | 15 (7.9) | 0.06 |
| Use of neuraminidase inhibitor | 595 (90.0) | 495 (89.4) | 156 (82.1) | 0.003 |
| Within 2-day after the onset of symptoms | 589/595 (99.0) | 279/495 (56.4) | 4/156 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
| Within 2-day after diagnostic testing | 590/595 (99.2) | 493/495 (99.6) | 152/156 (97.4) | 0.10 |
| Antibiotic therapy | 119 (18.0) | 104 (18.8) | 48 (25.3) | 0.03 |
| Outcomes of hospitalized patients | 0.95 | |||
| Survived | 118/126 (93.7) | 106/113 (93.8) | 48/52 (92.3) | |
| Died in hospital | 4/126 (3.2) | 3/113 (2.7) | 2/52 (3.8) | |
| Transferred to another hospital | 4/126 (3.2) | 4/113 (3.5) | 2/52 (3.8) | |
Values are presented as number (%).
ED, early laboratory diagnosis; LD, late laboratory diagnosis.
a
ED vs. LD.