Table 2.
Frequency, percentage and results of multivariate logistic regression for untreated caries among children in the U.S., 2011–2014
| Characteristic | With Untreated caries n (weighted percent) | Without untreated caries n (weighted percent) | p-valuea | Odds Ratiob (95% CI) for untreated caries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| 0 to 5 years | 239 (9.14) | 1991 (90.86) | < 0.001 | 0.38 (0.29–0.51)** |
| 6 to 11 years | 518 (18.61) | 2005 (81.39) | 1.16 (0.92–1.47) | |
| 12 to 18 years | 436 (18.28) | 1819 (81.72) | 1 (ref) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Mexican American | 294 (21.30) | 1159 (78.70) | < 0.001 | 1.18 (0.90–1.54) |
| Other Hispanic | 128 (15.73) | 651 (84.27) | 0.89 (0.62–1.27) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 238 (13.81) | 1441 (86.19) | 1 (ref) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 376 (20.13) | 1545 (79.87) | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) | |
| Other race, including multi-racial | 157 (12.35) | 1019 (87.65) | 0.81 (0.59–1.11) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 629 (16.68) | 2960 (83.32) | 0.19 | – |
| Female | 564 (15.08) | 2855 (84.92) | – | |
| Family income categories based on FPLc | ||||
| Less than 100% FPL | 506 (21.73) | 1871 (78.27) | < 0.001 | 2.68 (2.03–3.55)** |
| 100–199% FPL | 316 (18.77) | 1388 (81.23) | 2.25 (1.59–3.19)** | |
| 200–399% FPL | 187 (12.96) | 1189 (87.04) | 1.49 (1.04–2.12)* | |
| 400% FPL and above | 83 (8.03) | 956 (91.97) | 1 (ref) | |
| Recent dental visitc | ||||
| Less than one year | 794 (13.58) | 4369 (86.42) | < 0.001 | 0.44 (0.35–0.56)** |
| More than one year | 393 (23.26) | 1431 (76.74) | 1 (ref) | |
| Financial barriers | ||||
| Yes | 99 (38.98) | 155 (61.02) | < 0.001 | 2.06 (1.42–2.99)** |
| No | 1094 (15.11) | 5660 (84.89) | 1 (ref) | |
| Non-financial barriers | ||||
| Yes | 49 (47.80) | 42 (52.20) | < 0.001 | 2.86 (1.24–6.58)* |
| No | 1144 (15.55) | 5773 (84.45) | 1 (ref) | |
The sample size was N = 7008; CI = Confidence interval
** p-value < 0.001; * p-value < 0.05
ap-value from Pearson chi-square statistics comparing the percentage of children with untreated caries and without untreated caries
bOdds ratios were determined by multivariate logistic regression model. The F-adjusted mean residual test for goodness of fit suggests no evidence of lack of fit (p-value = 0.099). Gender was not included in the multivariate logistic regression model because the p-value of gender for Pearson chi-square test was not significant
cFamily income categories based on FPL had 512 missing observations and recent dental visit had 21 missing observations