Table 4.

Effects of sow breed and season on the identified colostrum metabolites

Metabolite	Breeda			SEM	P-value	Seasonb				SEM	P-value
	D	L	LW			1	2	3	4
Lactate	5.38	6.7	8.88	1.85	0.506	4.93	10.18	8.71	4.13	1.81	0.495
Alanine	1.77	2.2	2.44	0.17	0.04	1.65	2.5	2.51	1.88	0.17	0.04
Acetate	9.57	11.17	9.9	0.91	0.378	13.59	7.55	5.95	13.77	0.89	<.0001
N-Acetylglutamate	6.35	9.9	14.03	3.77	0.453	7.94	9.69	8.53	14.21	3.69	0.776
N-Acetylglucosamine	10.9	15.4	11.7	1.6	0.003	10.6	14	13.8	12.3	1.6	0.149
UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine	22.4	34.4	33.9	2.2	0.014	26.2	33.4	33.8	27.4	2.1	0.324
O-Acetylcholine	77.1	196.9	156.6	13.9	0.002	101.7	148.4	171.7	152.3	13.6	0.115
Succinate	2.21	3.26	3.5	0.19	0.01	2.59	3.26	3.55	2.55	0.21	0.329
Citrate	209	301	257	13	0.002	246	286	265	228	12	0.101
Dimethylamine	2.86	4.44	4.51	0.49	0.091	2.3	5.19	5.39	2.85	0.48	0.0003
Creatine	39.8	59.9	58.7	3.4	0.014	40.9	59	64.7	46.6	3.3	0.002
Creatine Phosphate	3.4	7.99	8.01	0.88	0.015	1.9	8.5	10.78	4.69	0.86	<.0001
Creatinine	13.6	16.7	16.5	1.1	0.622	19.9	11.8	11.6	19.2	1.1	<.0001
cis-Aconitate	1.41	1.93	1.74	0.14	0.029	1.1	2.14	2.28	1.26	0.14	<.0001
Choline	7.82	10.62	9.91	1.19	0.665	8.86	11.64	9.43	7.87	1.16	0.961
sn-Glycerophosphocholine	446	543	414	38	0.038	430	457	507	477	37	0.507
Myo-inositol	63.53	76.95	82.86	3.76	0.012	62.58	73.17	81.13	80.91	3.68	0.085
Taurine	1.57	4.1	6.05	0.87	0.015	0.98	6.23	6.19	2.21	0.85	0.005
Lactose	458	579	811	30	<.0001	535	644	667	619	30	0.136
UDP-glucose	6.07	9.78	6.23	0.54	<.0001	6.08	7.3	8.09	7.97	0.54	0.198
Glycolate	28.1	39.8	45.8	2.4	0.0006	28.4	41.8	45.9	35.6	2.3	0.001
UDP-galactose	32.6	74	42.5	4	<.0001	39.3	54.2	61.4	44	3.9	0.005
Uridine	3.14	3.72	3.23	0.38	0.601	3.05	3.55	3.49	3.37	0.38	0.463
Formate	4.49	4.43	4.03	0.35	0.06	6.27	3.04	2.29	5.67	0.34	<.0001
UMP	13.3	24.2	21.6	1.7	0.096	21.82	16.04	16.84	24.08	1.91	0.01

Mean of the identified metabolites are expressed as absolute area

^aThe Breed is assigned as D for Duroc, L for Landrace and LW for Large White

^bThe seasons were assigned as follows: 1 = if the parturition was included in the period between the 1^st of December and the 28^th of February; 2 = between the 1^st of March and the 31^st of May; 3 = between the 1^st of June and the 31^st of August; 4 = between the 1^st of September and the 30^th of November