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. 2018 Mar 6;49:26. doi: 10.1186/s13567-018-0518-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Effects of selection on the K-carrier frequency without time limits. All patterns of age structure are provided. SchemeA1: selection on the overall population. Scheme B1: selection on the nucleus herds (N) and dissemination to the base (B). N − B is the difference in frequency of the K-carriers between nucleus and base. No. is the number of candidate males to be genotyped every year.