Table 2.
Percent positive per item and per subscale*
| % Positive | % Neutral | % Negative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Teamwork Within Units | |||
| People support one another in this unit. (A1) | 94.9 | 2.9 | 2.2 |
| When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done. (A3) | 93.1 | 4.1 | 2.9 |
| In this unit, people treat each other with respect. (A4) | 90.9 | 6.1 | 3.1 |
| When one area in this unit gets really busy, others help out. (A11) | 79.9 | 8.8 | 11.3 |
| Average Teamwork Within Units | 89.7 | 5.5 | 4.9 |
| 2. Supervisor/Manager Expectations & Actions Promoting Patient Safety | |||
| My supervisor/manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established patient safety procedures. (B1) | 80.4 | 11.3 | 8.2 |
| My supervisor/manager seriously considers staff suggestions for improving patient safety. (B2) | 83.9 | 10.0 | 6.1 |
| Whenever pressure builds up, my supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts. (B3R) | 61.3 | 17.5 | 21.2 |
| My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over. (B4R) | 82.6 | 8.0 | 9.4 |
| Average Supervisor/Manager Expectations & Actions Promoting Patient Safety | 77.1 | 11.7 | 11.2 |
| 3. Organizational Learning—Continuous Improvement | |||
| We are actively doing things to improve patient safety. (A6) | 95.1 | 3.1 | 1.8 |
| Mistakes have led to positive changes here. (A9) | 76.0 | 14.1 | 9.9 |
| After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness. (A13) | 87.2 | 8.0 | 4.7 |
| Average Organizational Learning—Continuous Improvement | 86.1 | 8.4 | 5.5 |
| 4. Management Support for Patient Safety | |||
| Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety. (F1) | 81.3 | 10.4 | 8.3 |
| The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority. (F8) | 86.1 | 8.5 | 5.4 |
| Hospital management seems interested in patient safety only after an adverse event happens. (F9R) | 65.9 | 13.7 | 20.4 |
| Average Management Support for Patient Safety | 77.8 | 10.9 | 11.4 |
| 5. Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety | |||
| It is just by chance that more serious mistakes don’t happen around here. (A10R) | 36.2 | 15.1 | 48.6 |
| Patient safety is never sacrificed to get more work done. (A15) | 79.7 | 6.1 | 14.3 |
| We have patient safety problems in this unit. (A17R) | 45.2 | 15.6 | 39.2 |
| Our procedures and systems are good at preventing errors from happening. (A18) | 81.1 | 10.6 | 8.2 |
| Average Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety | 60.6 | 11.9 | 27.6 |
| 6. Feedback and Communication About Error | |||
| We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports. (C1) | 50.8 | 29.6 | 19.6 |
| We are informed about errors that happen in this unit. (C3) | 79.9 | 14.1 | 6.1 |
| In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again. (C5) | 81.5 | 12.7 | 5.8 |
| Average Feedback and Communication About Error | 70.7 | 18.8 | 10.5 |
| 7. Communication Openness | |||
| Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care. (C2) | 67.7 | 20.7 | 11.6 |
| Staff feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority. (C4) | 30.0 | 28.3 | 41.7 |
| Staff are afraid to ask questions when something does not seem right. (C6R) | 43.1 | 36.7 | 20.2 |
| Average Communication Openness | 46.9 | 28.6 | 24.5 |
| 8. Frequency of Events Reported | |||
| When a mistake is made, but is caught and corrected before affecting the patient, how often is this reported? (D1) | 55.5 | 20.4 | 24.1 |
| When a mistake is made, but has no potential to harm the patient, how often is this reported? (D2) | 54.7 | 21.7 | 23.6 |
| When a mistake is made that could harm the patient, but does not, how often is this reported? (D3) | 66.9 | 14.3 | 18.8 |
| Average Frequency of Events Reported | 59.0 | 18.8 | 22.2 |
| 9. Teamwork Across Units | |||
| Hospital units do not coordinate well with each other. (F2R) | 55.9 | 16.5 | 27.7 |
| There is good cooperation among hospital units that need to work together. (F4) | 71.1 | 15.6 | 13.3 |
| It is often unpleasant to work with staff from other hospital units. (F6R) | 46.3 | 21.1 | 32.6 |
| Hospital units work well together to provide the best care for patients. (F10) | 82.9 | 10.7 | 6.4 |
| Average Teamwork Across Units | 64.1 | 16.0 | 20.0 |
| 10. Staffing | |||
| We have enough staff to handle the workload. (A2) | 60.8 | 11.9 | 27.3 |
| Staff in this unit work longer hours than is best for patient care. (A5R) | 27.6 | 16.7 | 55.7 |
| We use more agency/temporary staff than is best for patient care. (A7R) | 52.5 | 19.5 | 27.9 |
| We work in “crisis mode” trying to do too much, too quickly. (A14R) | 18.5 | 13.8 | 67.7 |
| Average Staffing | 39.9 | 15.5 | 44.7 |
| 11. Handoffs & Transitions | |||
| Things “fall between the cracks” when transferring patients from one unit to another. (F3R) | 54.6 | 18.7 | 26.7 |
| Important patient care information is often lost during shift changes. (F5R) | 75.5 | 12.5 | 12.1 |
| Problems often occur in the exchange of information across hospital units. (F7R) | 48.5 | 24.2 | 27.3 |
| Shift changes are problematic for patients in this hospital. (F11R) | 70.3 | 15.5 | 14.2 |
| Average Handoffs & Transitions | 62.2 | 17.7 | 20.1 |
| 12. Non-punitive Response to Error | |||
| Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them. (A8R) | 29.5 | 19.5 | 50.9 |
| When an event is reported, it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem. (A12R) | 38.1 | 18.4 | 43.4 |
| Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file. (A16R) | 15.6 | 13.7 | 70.8 |
| Average Non-punitive Response to Error | 27.7 | 17.2 | 55.0 |
*the composite-level percentage of positive responses was calculated using the following formula: (number of positive responses to the items in the composite/total number of responses to the items (positive, neutral, and negative) in the composite (excluding missing responses))*100
(R) Negatively worded items that were reverse coded