Table 5.

Linear Mixed Model Regression

	Frequency of Events Reported		Perception of Patient Safety
	Beta (Standard Error)	P-value	Beta (Standard Error)	P-value
Patient Safety Culture Composites
Supervisor/ Manager Expectations & Actions Promoting Patient Safety	0.03 (0.02)	0.112	0.12 (0.01)	< 0.001
Organizational learning and Continuous Improvement	0.09 (0.02)	< 0.001	0.13 (0.01)	< 0.001
Teamwork within units	0.01 (0.02)	0.796	0.10 (0.01)	< 0.001
Communication Openness	0.02 (0.01)	0.249	0.02 (0.01)	0.002
Feedback and Communications About Error	0.32 (0.02)	< 0.001	−0.01 (0.01)	0.322
Non-punitive Response to Error	0.02 (0.01)	0.150	0.03 (0.01)	< 0.001
Staffing	−0.01 (0.02)	0.457	0.11 (0.01)	< 0.001
Hospital Management Support for Patient Safety	0.07 (0.02)	< 0.001	0.12 (0.01)	< 0.001
Hospital Handoffs & Transitions	0.07 (0.02)	< 0.001	0.09 (0.01)	< 0.001
Teamwork Across Hospital Units	−0.02 (0.02)	0.200	−0.04 (0.01)	< 0.001
Gender
Male	−0.08 (0.02)	< 0.001	0.05 (0.01)	< 0.001
Female	0		0
Highest Degree
High School or below	0.05 (0.10)	0.598	0.16 (0.05)	0.001
University or Higher Degree	−0.17 (0.09)	0.046	0.16 (0.04)	< 0.001
Technical Degree	−0.10 (0.09)	0.283	0.18 (0.04)	< 0.001
Other	0		0
Experience at the hospital
< 5 years	0.05 (0.03)	0.112	0.01 (0.02)	0.680
5 to 20 years	0.01 (0.03)	0.825	−0.01 (0.02)	0.422
More or equal to 21 years	0		0
Profession
Physician	−0.26 (0.14)	0.064	−0.11 (0.07)	0.116
Pharmacist	−0.25 (0.15)	0.097	0.00 (0.08)	0.996
Nurse	−0.44 (0.14)	0.002	0.13 (0.07)	0.059
Physiotherapist	−0.18 (0.15)	0.220	−0.08 (0.07)	0.292
Technician	−0.22 (0.14)	0.125	−0.05 (0.07)	0.484
Nutritionist	−0.18 (0.18)	0.305	0.09 (0.09)	0.314
Administrative	−0.30 (0.17)	0.073	0.09 (0.08)	0.255
Medical Records	−0.48 (0.16)	0.002	0.03 (0.08)	0.679
Other	0		0
Nationality
Kuwaiti	−0.09 (0.03)	0.005	0.08 (0.02)	< 0.001
Non-Kuwaiti	0		0
Interaction with patients
Yes	0.07 (0.04)	0.052	0.02 (0.02)	0.386
No	0		0
Hospital Size
Small	0.14 (0.08)	0.127	0.05 (20.73)	0.664
Medium	0.05 (0.09)	0.593	0.05 (24.09)	0.182
Large	0		0