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Signaling pathways by which NAD+ regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis in muscle. Arrows denote promotion and “T”s signify inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis or homeostasis. Interventions in green boxes promote NAD+ levels and interventions in red boxes deplete NAD+ levels, thereby regulating mitochondria number and function. For explanation of the acronyms, please see the abbreviations list in the main body of the text
