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. 2017 Sep 6;140(10):2673–2690. doi: 10.1093/brain/awx214

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Widespread hemispheric upregulation of COX-2 protein following spreading depolarization clusters. (A) COX-2 protein expression in remote ipsilateral (I) and contralateral (C) cortex in animals with spreading depolarization (SD) clusters (n = 5), isolated spreading depolarizations (n = 5), and no spreading depolarizations (n = 3) in the hemisphere ipsilateral to subarachnoid haemorrhage. PTGS2/COX-2 levels were normalized to their endogenous control GADPH level. (B) COX-2 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR in the same tissue of animals with spreading depolarization clusters (n = 5). (C) Immunofluorescence staining of COX-2 protein level in viable ipsilateral and contralateral cortex 2 cm posterior to site of subarachnoid blood infusion. Strong positive neuronal staining was observed in superficial neuronal layers throughout gyral crests (left) and sulcal depths (middle) in the ipsilateral hemisphere, while no staining was observed on the contralateral side. Counterstaining of cell nuclei with DAPI. Scale bars = 250 (4×), 150 (10×), and 50 (20×) µm.