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GDF-5 overexpression decreases LPS-induced production of PGE2 and NO in nucleus pulposus cells. In the Ctrl group, the levels of (A) PGE2 and (B) NO were very low; however, these were significantly increased following LPS stimulation. GDF-5 overexpression inhibited LPS-induced PGE2 and NO production. **P<0.01 vs. Ctrl group; #P<0.05 and ##P<0.01 vs. LPS group. GDF-5, growth and differentiation factor-5; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PGE2, prostaglandin-E2; NO, nitric oxide; Ctrl, control.
