Table 1.

Immune-specific Pten deletion and corresponding phenotypes

Immune cells (for Pten deletion)	Phenotypes of Pten deficiency	References
T cells	Defective thymic negative selection; Impaired peripheral tolerance; Spontaneous CD4+ T cell activation; Autoantibody production; CD4+ T cell lymphoma	Suzuki et al., 2001
Peripheral T cells	Increased proliferation and IL-2 production with TCR/CD28 stimulation; Augmented cytolytic activity	Locke et al., 2013*
CD4+ T cells	Impaired thymic selection; Increased proliferation; Activation of naïve cells w/o costimulaton; Autoimmunity; Lymphoma	Soone et al., 2012
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells)	Autoimmune-lymphoproliferative disease; Excessive T helper type 1 (Th 1) responses; B cell activation; Excessive TFH cell and germinal center responses; Spontaneous inflammatory disease	Huynh et al., 2015 Shrestha et al., 2015
B cells	Hyperproliferation, resistance to apoptosis, increased migration, SLE	Anzelon et al., 2003
Dendritic cells (DCs)	Expansion of CD8+ and CD103+ DCs	Jiao et al., 2014**
Neutrophils	Delayed apoptosis, augmented transendothelial migration, increased bacteria killing	Subramanian et al., 2007; Li et al., 2009
Macrophages	Decreased TNF-α secretion, increased IL-10 production, increased phagocytosis	Kral et al., 2016

Additional refernces:

^*Locke et al. J Immunol, 2013 Aug 15; 191(4): 1677-85;

^**Jiao et al. J Immunol. 2014 Apr 1; 192(7): 3374-82.