Table 1.
Anthropometric and Biochemical Characteristics of the Study Groups
| LGA | AGA | SGA | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number (boys) | 49 (25) | 56 (29) | 23 (13) | |
| At birth | ||||
| Gestational age, wk | 39.8 (39.5–40.1) | 39.9 (39.6–40.2) | 39.7 (39.2–40.3) | 0.81 |
| Weight, g | 4722 (4631–4812) | 3561 (3484–3637) | 2476 (2345–2607) | <0.001 |
| Weight, SDS, | 2.63 (2.46–2.79) | −0.02 (−0.16 to 0.12) | −2.39 (−2.53 to −2.25) | <0.001 |
| Length, cm | 53.0 (52.6–53.4) | 50.0 (49.7–50.4) | 46.2 (45.5–46.9) | <0.001 |
| Length, SDS | 1.58 (1.40–1.76) | −0.11 (−0.24 to 0.03) | −2.16 (−2.43 to −1.88) | <0.001 |
| At the age of 2 y | ||||
| Weight, SDS | 0.65 (0.41–0.90) | 0.16 (−0.14 to 0.45) | −0.95 (−1.37 to −0.53) | <0.001 |
| Height, SDS | 0.40 (0.17–0.63) | −0.05 (−0.34 to 0.24) | −0.98 (−1.33 to −0.63) | <0.001 |
| At examination | ||||
| Age, y | 6.89 (6.62–7.16) | 7.09 (6.86–7.33) | 6.65 (6.22–7.07) | 0.13 |
| Weight, kg | 27.6 (26.2–29.0) | 27.5 (25.7–29.4) | 21.8 (19.8–23.7) | <0.001 |
| Weight, SDS | 0.68 (0.38–0.97) | 0.39 (0.11–0.67) | −0.80 (−1.26 to −0.33) | <0.001 |
| Height, cm | 126.1 (124.0–128.3) | 125.7 (123.8–127.7) | 119.0 (115.6–122.4) | <0.001 |
| Height, SDS | 0.54 (0.30–0.78) | 0.20 (−0.07 to 0.46) | −0.64 (−1.01 to −0.27) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.46 (0.45–0.47) | 0.46 (0.45–0.48) | 0.45 (0.43–0.46) | 0.469 |
| BMI, SDS | 0.56 (0.22–0.89) | 0.36 (0.05–0.67) | −0.65 (−1.18 to −0.12) | <0.001 |
| IL-1ra, pg/mLa | 217.9 (196.3–241.8) | 253.3 (229.9–279.2) | 290.8 (246.0–343.8) | 0.011b |
| IL-1ra, pg/mLc | 230.5 (209.3–253.9) | 252.7 (231.0–276.5) | 260.7 (224.8–302.4) | 0.257 |
| hs-CRP, mg/La | 0.19 (0.14–0.26) | 0.22 (0.17–0.30) | 0.71 (0.44–1.15) | <0.001d |
Data are presented as means (95% CI), except geometric means (95% CI) for IL-1ra and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).
Analysis of variance among the three study groups, except analysis of covariance for IL-1ra and hs-CRP.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) at examination.
b
Post hoc test (Sidak correction) between the SGA and LGA groups, P = 0.015.
c
Adjusted for age, sex, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).
d
Post hoc test (Sidak correction) between the SGA and LGA/AGA groups, P < 0.001.